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Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives
Background: Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT(1) receptor) and the counter-regu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Bentham Science Publishers
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34554902 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210719142300 |
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author | Correa, Bernardo H. M. Becari, Luca Peliky Fontes, Marco Antônio Simões-e-Silva, Ana Cristina Kangussu, Lucas M. |
author_facet | Correa, Bernardo H. M. Becari, Luca Peliky Fontes, Marco Antônio Simões-e-Silva, Ana Cristina Kangussu, Lucas M. |
author_sort | Correa, Bernardo H. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT(1) receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that non-classical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT(2) and AT(4), can also be involved in stress. Objective and Methods: This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results and Conclusion: In general, activation of the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available since they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9886820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98868202023-02-09 Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives Correa, Bernardo H. M. Becari, Luca Peliky Fontes, Marco Antônio Simões-e-Silva, Ana Cristina Kangussu, Lucas M. Curr Neuropharmacol Neurology Background: Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT(1) receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that non-classical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT(2) and AT(4), can also be involved in stress. Objective and Methods: This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results and Conclusion: In general, activation of the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available since they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs. Bentham Science Publishers 2022-05-16 2022-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9886820/ /pubmed/34554902 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210719142300 Text en © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Correa, Bernardo H. M. Becari, Luca Peliky Fontes, Marco Antônio Simões-e-Silva, Ana Cristina Kangussu, Lucas M. Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives |
title | Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives |
title_full | Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives |
title_fullStr | Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives |
title_short | Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives |
title_sort | involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in stress: state of the art and research perspectives |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34554902 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210719142300 |
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