Guidelines for Newborn Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism (2021 Revision)

Purpose of developing the guidelines: Newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was started in 1979 in Japan, and early diagnosis and treatment improved the intelligence prognosis of CH patients. The incidence of CH was once about one in 5,000–8,000 births, but has been increased with diagnosis of subclinical CH. The disease requires continuous treatment and specialized medical facilities should conduct differential diagnosis and treatment in patients who are positive by NBS to avoid unnecessary treatment. The Guidelines for Mass Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism (1998 version) were developed by the Mass Screening Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology in 1998. Subsequently, the guidelines were revised in 2014. Here, we have added minor revisions to the 2014 version to include the most recent findings. Target disease/conditions: Primary congenital hypothyroidism. Users of the Guidelines: Physician specialists in pediatric endocrinology, pediatric specialists, physicians referring pediatric practitioners, general physicians, laboratory technicians in charge of mass screening, and patients.