Revealing the Fast and Durable Na(+) Insertion Reactions in a Layered Na(3)Fe(3)(PO(4))(4) Anode for Aqueous Na-Ion Batteries

[Image: see text] Aqueous sodium-ion batteries represent a promising approach for stationary energy storage; however, the lack of appropriate anode materials has substantially retarded their development. Herein, we demonstrated an iron-based phosphate material of Na(3)Fe(3)(PO(4))(4) as an inexpensive and efficacious anode alternative. While the Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) redox couple renders a two-Na-insertion reaction with desirable potentials, its unique layered structure further facilitates the Na-insertion kinetics and reversibility. Consequently, this electrode exhibits an appealing Na-insertion performance, with a reversible capacity of ∼83 mAh g(–1), suitable anode potential of −0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl, excellent rate capability of 200 C, and outstanding cycling of 6000 cycles. Utilizing operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we revealed the structural evolution of the Na(3)Fe(3)(PO(4))(4) anode during the two-electron reaction, where the extremely small volume expansion (∼3%) enables its fast-charging and long-cycling capability. Our work suggests new considerations of developing versatile iron phosphate compounds as appealing anode materials for energy storage in aqueous electrolytes.