Refractory ventricular tachycardia and heart failure due to anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive inflammatory myopathy

BACKGROUND: Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-positive inflammatory myopathy, a rare type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy which was frequently difficult to diagnose, can affect muscles and the structure and electrical conduction of the heart. Early identification and treatment of this myopathy can prevent serious cardiovascular adverse events and improve cardiac function. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient who experienced repeated syncope, ventricular tachycardia (VT) and heart failure accompanied by weakness and muscle atrophy. He was initially diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and received implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. He was subsequently misdiagnosed as muscular dystrophy due to progressive muscular atrophy. However, the patient developed repeated and refractory VT storms that were not alleviated by conventional therapy. Finally, he was diagnosed with AMA-positive inflammatory myopathy with cardiac injuries. The patient was markedly recovered by being treated with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapy. CONCLUSION: AMA could be screened when discovering myopathies accompanied by unexplained cardiac symptoms. Our findings provide insights into the diagnosis and therapy of this rare and severe disease.