Prevalence of burnout and its relation to the neuroendocrine system among pediatric residents during the early Covid-19 pandemic: A pilot feasibility study

BACKGROUND: Measuring burnout relies on infrequent and subjective surveys, which often do not reflect the underlying factors or biological mechanisms that promote or prevent it. Burnout correlates with cortisol levels and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but the chronology and strength of this relationship are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and feasibility of studying burnout in pediatric residents using hair cortisol and hair oxytocin concentrations. DESIGN: /Methods: Longitudinal observational cohort study of pediatric residents. We assessed burnout using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index and hair cortisol (HCC), and hair oxytocin concentrations (HOC) at four 3-month intervals from January 2020–January 2021. We evaluated test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change using Pearson product-moment correlations, and relationships between burnout and hair biomarkers using hierarchical mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS: 17 Pediatrics residents provided 78 wellness surveys and 54 hair samples. Burnout symptoms were present in 39 (50%) of the surveys, with 14 (82%) residents reporting burnout in at least one time point. The lowest (41%) and highest (60%) burnout prevalence occurred in 04/2020 and 01/2021, respectively. No significant associations between burnout scores and HCC (β −0.01, 95%CI: 0.14–0.13), HOC (β 0.06, 95%CI: 0.06–0.19), or the HCC:HOC ratio (β −0.04, 95%CI: 0.09–0.02) were noted in separate analyses. Intra-individual changes in hair cortisol concentration were not associated with changes in burnout score. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout was prevalent among Pediatrics residents, with highest prevalence noted in January 2021. This pilot longitudinal study demonstrates the feasibility of evaluating burnout with stress and resilience biomarkers in Pediatrics residents.