Comparative synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites using chemical and green approaches including a comparison study on in vivo and in vitro biological properties

In this study, the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cytotoxic, and antibacterial effects of various substances were studied in vitro. Malachite green's photocatalytic effects were used to determine the optimised sample while it was exposed to visible light. The intended nanocomposites were created without any contaminants, according to XRD data. The overall characterisation results of the green synthesis of CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(G)) were superior to those of the chemical synthesis of CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(C)). At the five doses examined, the green synthesis of CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(G)) and chemical synthesis of CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(C)) resulted in higher α-glucosidase inhibition percentages in the antidiabetic assay. HaCaT cells and MCF-7 cells were less harmful when treated with chemically synthesized CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(C)), and green synthesized CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(G)). From the results of the cytotoxicity tests against MCF-7 cells and HaCaT cells using the nanocomposites, the IC(50) values of Salacia reticulata, green synthesized CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(G)), and chemically synthesized CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(C)) were calculated. This research work shows that the green synthesized CS/SiO(2)/TiO(2)/CeO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites (CSTCF(G)) have strong anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-diabetic properties, as well as considerable suppression of high activation in in vivo zebrafish embryo toxicity. The novelty of this study focused on the revelation that green synthesized nanocomposites are more affordable, environmentally friendly and biocompatible than chemically synthesized ones.