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Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design

Refiners around the globe are either considering or are actively replacing a portion of their crude oil inputs originating from fossil sources with alternative sources, including recycled materials (plastics, urban waste, mixed solid waste) and renewable materials (bio-mass waste, vegetable oils). I...

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Autores principales: Mastry, Melissa Clough, Dorazio, Lucas, Fu, James C., Gómez, Juan Pedro, Sedano, Sergio, Ail, Snehesh S., Castaldi, Marco J., Yilmaz, Bilge
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893771/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36742037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1067488
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author Mastry, Melissa Clough
Dorazio, Lucas
Fu, James C.
Gómez, Juan Pedro
Sedano, Sergio
Ail, Snehesh S.
Castaldi, Marco J.
Yilmaz, Bilge
author_facet Mastry, Melissa Clough
Dorazio, Lucas
Fu, James C.
Gómez, Juan Pedro
Sedano, Sergio
Ail, Snehesh S.
Castaldi, Marco J.
Yilmaz, Bilge
author_sort Mastry, Melissa Clough
collection PubMed
description Refiners around the globe are either considering or are actively replacing a portion of their crude oil inputs originating from fossil sources with alternative sources, including recycled materials (plastics, urban waste, mixed solid waste) and renewable materials (bio-mass waste, vegetable oils). In this paper, we explore such replacement, specifically focusing on the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) operation. Five pyrolysis oils, obtained from municipal solid waste (MSW) and biogenic material (olive stones/pits), were fully characterized and tested at 10% loading against a standard fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) vacuum gasoil (VGO) feed in a bench scale reactor using an industrially available fluid catalytic cracking catalyst based on ultrastable Y zeolite to simulate fluid catalytic cracking co-processing. Despite having unique feed properties, including high Conradson carbon (e.g., up to 19.41 wt%), water (e.g., up to 5.7 wt%), and contaminants (e.g., up to 227 ppm Cl) in some cases, the five pyrolysis oils gave similar yield patterns as vacuum gasoil. Gasoline was slightly (ca. 1 wt%) higher in all cases and LPG slightly (ca. 1 wt%) lower. Olefinicity in the LPG streams were unchanged, bottoms and light cycle oil (LCO) showed no significant changes, while dry gas was slightly (up to −0.2 wt%) lower. Coke selectivity was also unchanged (maximum −7.7 wt%, relatively), suggesting minimal to no heat balance concerns when co-processing in an industrial fluid catalytic cracking unit. The results demonstrate the applicability of municipal solid waste and biogenic originating pyrolysis oils into a refinery. A catalyst design concept is explored, based on higher rare Earth oxide exchange and/or utilization of ZSM-5 zeolite, that would further minimize the impacts of replacing fossil oils with pyrolysis oils, namely one that shifts the 1% higher gasoline into LPG.
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spelling pubmed-98937712023-02-03 Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design Mastry, Melissa Clough Dorazio, Lucas Fu, James C. Gómez, Juan Pedro Sedano, Sergio Ail, Snehesh S. Castaldi, Marco J. Yilmaz, Bilge Front Chem Chemistry Refiners around the globe are either considering or are actively replacing a portion of their crude oil inputs originating from fossil sources with alternative sources, including recycled materials (plastics, urban waste, mixed solid waste) and renewable materials (bio-mass waste, vegetable oils). In this paper, we explore such replacement, specifically focusing on the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) operation. Five pyrolysis oils, obtained from municipal solid waste (MSW) and biogenic material (olive stones/pits), were fully characterized and tested at 10% loading against a standard fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) vacuum gasoil (VGO) feed in a bench scale reactor using an industrially available fluid catalytic cracking catalyst based on ultrastable Y zeolite to simulate fluid catalytic cracking co-processing. Despite having unique feed properties, including high Conradson carbon (e.g., up to 19.41 wt%), water (e.g., up to 5.7 wt%), and contaminants (e.g., up to 227 ppm Cl) in some cases, the five pyrolysis oils gave similar yield patterns as vacuum gasoil. Gasoline was slightly (ca. 1 wt%) higher in all cases and LPG slightly (ca. 1 wt%) lower. Olefinicity in the LPG streams were unchanged, bottoms and light cycle oil (LCO) showed no significant changes, while dry gas was slightly (up to −0.2 wt%) lower. Coke selectivity was also unchanged (maximum −7.7 wt%, relatively), suggesting minimal to no heat balance concerns when co-processing in an industrial fluid catalytic cracking unit. The results demonstrate the applicability of municipal solid waste and biogenic originating pyrolysis oils into a refinery. A catalyst design concept is explored, based on higher rare Earth oxide exchange and/or utilization of ZSM-5 zeolite, that would further minimize the impacts of replacing fossil oils with pyrolysis oils, namely one that shifts the 1% higher gasoline into LPG. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9893771/ /pubmed/36742037 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1067488 Text en Copyright © 2023 Mastry, Dorazio, Fu, Gómez, Sedano, Ail, Castaldi and Yilmaz. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Chemistry
Mastry, Melissa Clough
Dorazio, Lucas
Fu, James C.
Gómez, Juan Pedro
Sedano, Sergio
Ail, Snehesh S.
Castaldi, Marco J.
Yilmaz, Bilge
Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
title Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
title_full Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
title_fullStr Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
title_full_unstemmed Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
title_short Processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: Impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
title_sort processing renewable and waste-based feedstocks with fluid catalytic cracking: impact on catalytic performance and considerations for improved catalyst design
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893771/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36742037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1067488
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