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Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: The novel coronavirus (n COVID-19) has affected every walk of life across the world including India. Several studies have been available on the COVID-19-related anxiety and depressive symptoms in the public health context. However, there is a dearth of evidence of a meta-analysis regardin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Scientific Scholar
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36743765 http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/JNRP-2022-1-21-R3-(2324) |
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author | Sharma, Suresh K. Joseph, Jaison Varkey, Biji P. Dhandapani, Manju Varghese, Abin Sharma, Sunita Kumar, T. K. Ajesh Kaririya, Sarika Mathews, Elezebeth |
author_facet | Sharma, Suresh K. Joseph, Jaison Varkey, Biji P. Dhandapani, Manju Varghese, Abin Sharma, Sunita Kumar, T. K. Ajesh Kaririya, Sarika Mathews, Elezebeth |
author_sort | Sharma, Suresh K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: The novel coronavirus (n COVID-19) has affected every walk of life across the world including India. Several studies have been available on the COVID-19-related anxiety and depressive symptoms in the public health context. However, there is a dearth of evidence of a meta-analysis regarding the pooled estimates of anxiety and depressive symptoms related to this pandemic based on the existing studies conducted among the general population of India. The aim of the study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and depressive symptoms among the general population in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, and Wiley online library for studies conducted from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and until September 25, 2021. We separately analyzed the outcome measures based on the risk of bias assessment. The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test. RESULTS: We used a random-effect model due to the significant heterogeneity between the studies (Anxiety symptoms – I(2) = 99.40% and Depressive symptoms – I(2) = 95.3%). According to the index meta-analysis, the pooled estimates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among general population of India during COVID-19 pandemic are 23.5% (95% CI: 17.4–29.6%; n = 21 studies) and 20.2% (95% CI: 17.2–23.2%; n = 17 studies), respectively. In subgroup analyses, good-quality studies (Score ≥7/9) had a significant effect on the pooled prevalence. CONCLUSION: About one-fifth of the general population of India reported having anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pooled estimates varied with the methodological quality of included studies. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of the overall magnitude of anxiety and depressive symptoms due to the COVID-19 outbreak which will guide the policy makers to measure the burden of similar pandemics more judiciously in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9894328 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Scientific Scholar |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98943282023-02-03 Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis Sharma, Suresh K. Joseph, Jaison Varkey, Biji P. Dhandapani, Manju Varghese, Abin Sharma, Sunita Kumar, T. K. Ajesh Kaririya, Sarika Mathews, Elezebeth J Neurosci Rural Pract Review Article OBJECTIVE: The novel coronavirus (n COVID-19) has affected every walk of life across the world including India. Several studies have been available on the COVID-19-related anxiety and depressive symptoms in the public health context. However, there is a dearth of evidence of a meta-analysis regarding the pooled estimates of anxiety and depressive symptoms related to this pandemic based on the existing studies conducted among the general population of India. The aim of the study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and depressive symptoms among the general population in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, and Wiley online library for studies conducted from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and until September 25, 2021. We separately analyzed the outcome measures based on the risk of bias assessment. The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test. RESULTS: We used a random-effect model due to the significant heterogeneity between the studies (Anxiety symptoms – I(2) = 99.40% and Depressive symptoms – I(2) = 95.3%). According to the index meta-analysis, the pooled estimates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among general population of India during COVID-19 pandemic are 23.5% (95% CI: 17.4–29.6%; n = 21 studies) and 20.2% (95% CI: 17.2–23.2%; n = 17 studies), respectively. In subgroup analyses, good-quality studies (Score ≥7/9) had a significant effect on the pooled prevalence. CONCLUSION: About one-fifth of the general population of India reported having anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pooled estimates varied with the methodological quality of included studies. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of the overall magnitude of anxiety and depressive symptoms due to the COVID-19 outbreak which will guide the policy makers to measure the burden of similar pandemics more judiciously in the future. Scientific Scholar 2022-12-16 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9894328/ /pubmed/36743765 http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/JNRP-2022-1-21-R3-(2324) Text en © 2022 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, transform, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Sharma, Suresh K. Joseph, Jaison Varkey, Biji P. Dhandapani, Manju Varghese, Abin Sharma, Sunita Kumar, T. K. Ajesh Kaririya, Sarika Mathews, Elezebeth Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title | Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full | Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short | Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort | prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during covid-19 pandemic among the general population in india: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36743765 http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/JNRP-2022-1-21-R3-(2324) |
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