Impact of soil surface properties on soil swelling of different soil layers in collapsing wall of Benggang

Benggang is one of the most serious soil erosion problems in tropical and subtropical areas in southern China. Little work has been reported on the surface properties of soil colloidal particle and its influence on soil swelling of different soil layers in collapsing wall of Benggang. In this present work, the effects of sodium concentration on soil swelling, and the correlations between soil swelling rates and soil colloidal surface properties were comprehensively evaluated by carefully examining soil physicochemical properties and soil colloidal surface properties of red, sandy and detritus soil layers from a collapsing wall. Our results showed that the soil swelling rates of red, sandy and detritus soil layers all exponentially decreased with increasing initial water contents. The relationship between soil swelling rate and the thickness of shear plane showed an extremely significant negative correlation for red soil layer and no correlation for sandy and detritus soil layers. Moreover, the elevating sodium concentrations reduced the thickness of shear plane from 39.69 to 0.76 nm for red soil layer, followed from 22.56 to 0.79 nm for sandy soil layer and from 18.61 to 0.64 nm for detritus soil layer. These findings indicated that the soil particle interactions played a crucial role in the development and occurrence of Benggang. This work will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of soil mass loss on the gully head and collapsing wall of Benggang.