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Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study

Reading comparisons across transparent and opaque orthographies indicate critical differences that may reveal the mechanisms involved in orthographic decoding across orthographies. Here, we address the role of criterion and speed of processing in accounting for performance differences across languag...

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Autores principales: Mauti, Marika, Marinelli, Chiara Valeria, O’Connor, Richard J., Zoccolotti, Pierluigi, Martelli, Marialuisa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36629911
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06542-0
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author Mauti, Marika
Marinelli, Chiara Valeria
O’Connor, Richard J.
Zoccolotti, Pierluigi
Martelli, Marialuisa
author_facet Mauti, Marika
Marinelli, Chiara Valeria
O’Connor, Richard J.
Zoccolotti, Pierluigi
Martelli, Marialuisa
author_sort Mauti, Marika
collection PubMed
description Reading comparisons across transparent and opaque orthographies indicate critical differences that may reveal the mechanisms involved in orthographic decoding across orthographies. Here, we address the role of criterion and speed of processing in accounting for performance differences across languages. We used binary tasks involving orthographic (words–pseudowords), and non-orthographic materials (female–male faces), and analyzed results based on Ratcliff’s Diffusion model. In the first study, 29 English and 28 Italian university students were given a lexical decision test. English observers made more errors than Italian observers while showing generally similar reaction times. In terms of the diffusion model, the two groups differed in the decision criterion: English observers used a lower criterion. There was no overall cross-linguistic difference in processing speed, but English observers showed lower values for words (and a smaller lexicality effect) than Italians. In the second study, participants were given a face gender judgment test. Female faces were identified slower than the male ones with no language group differences. In terms of the diffusion model, there was no difference between groups in drift rate and boundary separation. Overall, the new main finding concerns a difference in decision criterion limited to the orthographic task: English individuals showed a more lenient criterion in judging the lexicality of the items, a tendency that may explain why, despite lower accuracy, they were not slower. It is concluded that binary tasks (and the Diffusion model) can reveal cross-linguistic differences in orthographic processing which would otherwise be difficult to detect in standard single-word reading tasks. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00221-022-06542-0.
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spelling pubmed-98949702023-02-04 Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study Mauti, Marika Marinelli, Chiara Valeria O’Connor, Richard J. Zoccolotti, Pierluigi Martelli, Marialuisa Exp Brain Res Research Article Reading comparisons across transparent and opaque orthographies indicate critical differences that may reveal the mechanisms involved in orthographic decoding across orthographies. Here, we address the role of criterion and speed of processing in accounting for performance differences across languages. We used binary tasks involving orthographic (words–pseudowords), and non-orthographic materials (female–male faces), and analyzed results based on Ratcliff’s Diffusion model. In the first study, 29 English and 28 Italian university students were given a lexical decision test. English observers made more errors than Italian observers while showing generally similar reaction times. In terms of the diffusion model, the two groups differed in the decision criterion: English observers used a lower criterion. There was no overall cross-linguistic difference in processing speed, but English observers showed lower values for words (and a smaller lexicality effect) than Italians. In the second study, participants were given a face gender judgment test. Female faces were identified slower than the male ones with no language group differences. In terms of the diffusion model, there was no difference between groups in drift rate and boundary separation. Overall, the new main finding concerns a difference in decision criterion limited to the orthographic task: English individuals showed a more lenient criterion in judging the lexicality of the items, a tendency that may explain why, despite lower accuracy, they were not slower. It is concluded that binary tasks (and the Diffusion model) can reveal cross-linguistic differences in orthographic processing which would otherwise be difficult to detect in standard single-word reading tasks. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00221-022-06542-0. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-01-11 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9894970/ /pubmed/36629911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06542-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Mauti, Marika
Marinelli, Chiara Valeria
O’Connor, Richard J.
Zoccolotti, Pierluigi
Martelli, Marialuisa
Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
title Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
title_full Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
title_fullStr Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
title_full_unstemmed Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
title_short Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
title_sort decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36629911
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06542-0
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