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The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course

Low student engagement and motivation in online classes are well-known issues many universities face, especially with distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online environment makes it even harder for teachers to connect with their students through traditional verbal and nonverbal beha...

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Autores principales: Jasin, Jamil, Ng, He Tong, Atmosukarto, Indriyati, Iyer, Prasad, Osman, Faiezin, Wong, Peng Yu Kelly, Pua, Ching Yee, Cheow, Wean Sin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895964/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36779194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1
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author Jasin, Jamil
Ng, He Tong
Atmosukarto, Indriyati
Iyer, Prasad
Osman, Faiezin
Wong, Peng Yu Kelly
Pua, Ching Yee
Cheow, Wean Sin
author_facet Jasin, Jamil
Ng, He Tong
Atmosukarto, Indriyati
Iyer, Prasad
Osman, Faiezin
Wong, Peng Yu Kelly
Pua, Ching Yee
Cheow, Wean Sin
author_sort Jasin, Jamil
collection PubMed
description Low student engagement and motivation in online classes are well-known issues many universities face, especially with distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online environment makes it even harder for teachers to connect with their students through traditional verbal and nonverbal behaviours, further decreasing engagement. Yet, addressing such problems with 24/7 synchronous communication is overly demanding for faculty. This paper details an automated Question-Answering chatbot system trained in synchronous communication and instructor immediacy techniques to determine its suitability and effectiveness in attending to students undergoing an online Chemistry course. The chatbot is part of a new wave of affective focused chatbots that can benefit students’ learning process by connecting with them on a relatively more humanlike level. As part of the pilot study in the development of this chatbot, qualitative interviews and self-report data capturing student-chatbot interactions, experiences and opinions have been collected from 12 students in a Singaporean university. Thematic analysis was then employed to consolidate these findings. The results support the chatbot’s ability to display several communication immediacy techniques well, on top of responding to students at any time of the day. Having a private conversation with the chatbot also meant that the students could fully focus their attention and ask more questions to aid their learning. Improvements were suggested, in relation to the chatbot’s word detection and accuracy, accompanied by a framework to develop communication immediacy mechanics in future chatbots. Our findings support the potential of this chatbot, once modified, to be used in a similar online setting. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1.
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spelling pubmed-98959642023-02-06 The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course Jasin, Jamil Ng, He Tong Atmosukarto, Indriyati Iyer, Prasad Osman, Faiezin Wong, Peng Yu Kelly Pua, Ching Yee Cheow, Wean Sin Educ Inf Technol (Dordr) Article Low student engagement and motivation in online classes are well-known issues many universities face, especially with distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online environment makes it even harder for teachers to connect with their students through traditional verbal and nonverbal behaviours, further decreasing engagement. Yet, addressing such problems with 24/7 synchronous communication is overly demanding for faculty. This paper details an automated Question-Answering chatbot system trained in synchronous communication and instructor immediacy techniques to determine its suitability and effectiveness in attending to students undergoing an online Chemistry course. The chatbot is part of a new wave of affective focused chatbots that can benefit students’ learning process by connecting with them on a relatively more humanlike level. As part of the pilot study in the development of this chatbot, qualitative interviews and self-report data capturing student-chatbot interactions, experiences and opinions have been collected from 12 students in a Singaporean university. Thematic analysis was then employed to consolidate these findings. The results support the chatbot’s ability to display several communication immediacy techniques well, on top of responding to students at any time of the day. Having a private conversation with the chatbot also meant that the students could fully focus their attention and ask more questions to aid their learning. Improvements were suggested, in relation to the chatbot’s word detection and accuracy, accompanied by a framework to develop communication immediacy mechanics in future chatbots. Our findings support the potential of this chatbot, once modified, to be used in a similar online setting. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1. Springer US 2023-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9895964/ /pubmed/36779194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Article
Jasin, Jamil
Ng, He Tong
Atmosukarto, Indriyati
Iyer, Prasad
Osman, Faiezin
Wong, Peng Yu Kelly
Pua, Ching Yee
Cheow, Wean Sin
The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
title The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
title_full The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
title_fullStr The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
title_full_unstemmed The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
title_short The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
title_sort implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895964/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36779194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1
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