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Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in a Healthy Toddler Fully Immunized Against Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Case Report and Review of Treatment Strategies in Children

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a rare presentation of herpes zoster in children; however, it may become chronic and debilitating. The pathophysiology of HZO complications is not completely understood and may include virus virulence, vascular and neural inflammation and immune reactivity. Theref...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Keramida, Paraskevi, Antoniadi, Marita, Archimandritou, Eugenia, Kostaridou, Stavroula, Koletsi, Patra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9897126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36751223
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33352
Descripción
Sumario:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a rare presentation of herpes zoster in children; however, it may become chronic and debilitating. The pathophysiology of HZO complications is not completely understood and may include virus virulence, vascular and neural inflammation and immune reactivity. Therefore, clinical experts suggest an antiviral agent combined with topical steroids, but treatment duration and the need for secondary prophylaxis, given the likelihood of recurrence, are not clearly defined. We present a complex case of HZO in a varicella zoster virus (VZV)-vaccinated toddler successfully treated with acyclovir and topical steroids. We also present a review of the relevant literature regarding the therapeutic management and long-term sequelae of HZO in children.