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Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis

The transmission of viruses between different host species is a major source of emerging diseases and is of particular concern in the case of zoonotic transmission from mammals to humans. Several zoonosis risk factors have been identified, but it is currently unclear which viral traits primarily det...

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Autores principales: Valero-Rello, Ana, Sanjuán, Rafael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9897429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36472956
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215600119
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author Valero-Rello, Ana
Sanjuán, Rafael
author_facet Valero-Rello, Ana
Sanjuán, Rafael
author_sort Valero-Rello, Ana
collection PubMed
description The transmission of viruses between different host species is a major source of emerging diseases and is of particular concern in the case of zoonotic transmission from mammals to humans. Several zoonosis risk factors have been identified, but it is currently unclear which viral traits primarily determine this process as previous work has focused on a few hundred viruses that are not representative of actual viral diversity. Here, we investigate fundamental virological traits that influence cross-species transmissibility and zoonotic propensity by interrogating a database of over 12,000 mammalian virus–host associations. Our analysis reveals that enveloped viruses tend to infect more host species and are more likely to be zoonotic than nonenveloped viruses, while other viral traits such as genome composition, structure, size, or the viral replication compartment play a less obvious role. This contrasts with the previous notion that viral envelopes did not significantly impact or even reduce zoonotic risk and should help better prioritize outbreak prevention efforts. We suggest several mechanisms by which viral envelopes could promote cross-species transmissibility, including structural flexibility of receptor-binding proteins and evasion of viral entry barriers.
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spelling pubmed-98974292023-02-04 Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis Valero-Rello, Ana Sanjuán, Rafael Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences The transmission of viruses between different host species is a major source of emerging diseases and is of particular concern in the case of zoonotic transmission from mammals to humans. Several zoonosis risk factors have been identified, but it is currently unclear which viral traits primarily determine this process as previous work has focused on a few hundred viruses that are not representative of actual viral diversity. Here, we investigate fundamental virological traits that influence cross-species transmissibility and zoonotic propensity by interrogating a database of over 12,000 mammalian virus–host associations. Our analysis reveals that enveloped viruses tend to infect more host species and are more likely to be zoonotic than nonenveloped viruses, while other viral traits such as genome composition, structure, size, or the viral replication compartment play a less obvious role. This contrasts with the previous notion that viral envelopes did not significantly impact or even reduce zoonotic risk and should help better prioritize outbreak prevention efforts. We suggest several mechanisms by which viral envelopes could promote cross-species transmissibility, including structural flexibility of receptor-binding proteins and evasion of viral entry barriers. National Academy of Sciences 2022-12-06 2022-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9897429/ /pubmed/36472956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215600119 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Valero-Rello, Ana
Sanjuán, Rafael
Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
title Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
title_full Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
title_fullStr Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
title_full_unstemmed Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
title_short Enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
title_sort enveloped viruses show increased propensity to cross-species transmission and zoonosis
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9897429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36472956
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215600119
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