Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in adolescents: How to treat them?

BACKGROUND: Osteochondritis dissecans is an acquired condition of the joint that affects the articular surface and the subchondral bone. The juvenile form of osteochondritis dissecans presents in those aged 5–16 years with open growth plates. The causes of osteochondritis dissecans are unknown. METHODS: The goals of treatment are to promote healing of the subchondral bone and prevent chondral collapse, subsequent fracture, osteochondral defect formation, and early joint degeneration. Treatment modality is influenced on clinical symptoms, skeletal maturity, as well as the size, stability, and location of the lesion. This article will review the treatment strategies of juvenile form of osteochondritis dissecans of medial femoral condyle and of atypical regions, such as lateral femoral condyle, patellofemoral joint, and tibial plateau. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: level III.