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The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides can regulate lipids and cholesterol in serum and liver. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of the polysaccharides on cholesterol metabolism and especially the causal relationship with gut microbiota regulation. This study...

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Autores principales: Wei, Xin, Gao, Yuan, Cheng, Feier, Yun, Shaojun, Chang, Mingchang, Cao, Jinling, Cheng, Yanfen, Feng, Cuiping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9901340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36816874
http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7561
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author Wei, Xin
Gao, Yuan
Cheng, Feier
Yun, Shaojun
Chang, Mingchang
Cao, Jinling
Cheng, Yanfen
Feng, Cuiping
author_facet Wei, Xin
Gao, Yuan
Cheng, Feier
Yun, Shaojun
Chang, Mingchang
Cao, Jinling
Cheng, Yanfen
Feng, Cuiping
author_sort Wei, Xin
collection PubMed
description RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides can regulate lipids and cholesterol in serum and liver. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of the polysaccharides on cholesterol metabolism and especially the causal relationship with gut microbiota regulation. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of S. latifolia polysaccharides and further development of functional foods. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In this study, we investigated how the regulation mechanism of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides affects intestinal cholesterol metabolism in high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. Briefly, enzymatic colorimetric microplate assay was used to determine the concentration of faecal bile acid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the content of cholesterol and alcohol in faeces. Haematoxylin and eosin staining method was applied to observe the changes in the structure of the small intestine tissue. The related gene expressions in jejunum and ileum were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The related protein expressions in jejunum were studied by using Western blot. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the intestinal flora changes of the caecal contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to detect the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecal content. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could improve the intestinal morphological structure and physiological indices in rats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Moreover, it could improve intestinal cholesterol metabolism disorder induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diets via the reduction of the expression of HMGCR, NPC1L1, ACAT2, MTP, ASBT and IBABP mRNA or protein, increasing ABCG8 mRNA expression. In addition, it could also increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Parabacteroides, Parasutteerella and Alloprevotella and the short-chain fatty acid concentration, to comprehensively regulate the intestinal cholesterol metabolism. The metabolomics analysis found that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could affect lipid, carbohydrate and other related metabolites. Some biomarkers associated with cholesterol metabolism correlated significantly with the abundance of specific intestinal microbiota. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: These findings indicate that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could attenuate intestinal cholesterol metabolism disorder, correlating with modulating gut microbiota and improving host metabolism. They provide theoretical support for the development of Sparassis latifolia as a new food resource.
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spelling pubmed-99013402023-02-16 The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides Wei, Xin Gao, Yuan Cheng, Feier Yun, Shaojun Chang, Mingchang Cao, Jinling Cheng, Yanfen Feng, Cuiping Food Technol Biotechnol Original Scientific Papers RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides can regulate lipids and cholesterol in serum and liver. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of the polysaccharides on cholesterol metabolism and especially the causal relationship with gut microbiota regulation. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of S. latifolia polysaccharides and further development of functional foods. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In this study, we investigated how the regulation mechanism of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides affects intestinal cholesterol metabolism in high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. Briefly, enzymatic colorimetric microplate assay was used to determine the concentration of faecal bile acid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the content of cholesterol and alcohol in faeces. Haematoxylin and eosin staining method was applied to observe the changes in the structure of the small intestine tissue. The related gene expressions in jejunum and ileum were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The related protein expressions in jejunum were studied by using Western blot. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the intestinal flora changes of the caecal contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to detect the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecal content. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could improve the intestinal morphological structure and physiological indices in rats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Moreover, it could improve intestinal cholesterol metabolism disorder induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diets via the reduction of the expression of HMGCR, NPC1L1, ACAT2, MTP, ASBT and IBABP mRNA or protein, increasing ABCG8 mRNA expression. In addition, it could also increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Parabacteroides, Parasutteerella and Alloprevotella and the short-chain fatty acid concentration, to comprehensively regulate the intestinal cholesterol metabolism. The metabolomics analysis found that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could affect lipid, carbohydrate and other related metabolites. Some biomarkers associated with cholesterol metabolism correlated significantly with the abundance of specific intestinal microbiota. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: These findings indicate that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could attenuate intestinal cholesterol metabolism disorder, correlating with modulating gut microbiota and improving host metabolism. They provide theoretical support for the development of Sparassis latifolia as a new food resource. University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology 2022-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9901340/ /pubmed/36816874 http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7561 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Scientific Papers
Wei, Xin
Gao, Yuan
Cheng, Feier
Yun, Shaojun
Chang, Mingchang
Cao, Jinling
Cheng, Yanfen
Feng, Cuiping
The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
title The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
title_full The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
title_fullStr The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
title_short The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
title_sort effects of a high-fat/cholesterol diet on the intestine of rats were attenuated by sparassis latifolia polysaccharides
topic Original Scientific Papers
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9901340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36816874
http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7561
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