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Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies

Current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, based on the original Wuhan sequence, induce antibodies with different degrees of cross-recognition of new viral variants of concern. Despite potent responses generated in vaccinated and infected individuals, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant causes breakthrough in...

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Autores principales: Aparicio, Belén, Ruiz, Marta, Casares, Noelia, Silva, Leyre, Egea, Josune, Pérez, Patricia, Albericio, Guillermo, Esteban, Mariano, García-Arriaza, Juan, Lasarte, Juan J., Sarobe, Pablo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36761163
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044025
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author Aparicio, Belén
Ruiz, Marta
Casares, Noelia
Silva, Leyre
Egea, Josune
Pérez, Patricia
Albericio, Guillermo
Esteban, Mariano
García-Arriaza, Juan
Lasarte, Juan J.
Sarobe, Pablo
author_facet Aparicio, Belén
Ruiz, Marta
Casares, Noelia
Silva, Leyre
Egea, Josune
Pérez, Patricia
Albericio, Guillermo
Esteban, Mariano
García-Arriaza, Juan
Lasarte, Juan J.
Sarobe, Pablo
author_sort Aparicio, Belén
collection PubMed
description Current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, based on the original Wuhan sequence, induce antibodies with different degrees of cross-recognition of new viral variants of concern. Despite potent responses generated in vaccinated and infected individuals, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant causes breakthrough infections, facilitating viral transmission. We previously reported a vaccine based on a cyclic peptide containing the 446-488 S1 sequence (446-488cc) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein from Wuhan isolate. To provide the best immunity against Omicron, here we compared Omicron-specific immunity induced by a Wuhan-based 446-488cc peptide, by a Wuhan-based recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine and by a new 446-488cc peptide vaccine based on the Omicron sequence. Antibodies induced by Wuhan peptide 446-488cc in three murine strains not only recognized the Wuhan and Omicron 446-488 peptides similarly, but also Wuhan and Omicron RBD protein variants. By contrast, antibodies induced by the Wuhan recombinant RBD vaccine showed a much poorer cross-reactivity for the Omicron RBD despite similar recognition of Wuhan and Omicron peptide variants. Finally, although the Omicron-based 446-488cc peptide vaccine was poorly immunogenic in mice due to the loss of T cell epitopes, co-immunization with Omicron peptide 446-488cc and exogenous T cell epitopes induced strong cross-reactive antibodies that neutralized Omicron SARS-CoV-2 virus. Since mutations occurring within this sequence do not alter T cell epitopes in humans, these results indicate the robust immunogenicity of 446-488cc-based peptide vaccines that induce antibodies with a high cross-recognition capacity against Omicron, and suggest that this sequence could be included in future vaccines targeting the Omicron variant.
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spelling pubmed-99028652023-02-08 Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies Aparicio, Belén Ruiz, Marta Casares, Noelia Silva, Leyre Egea, Josune Pérez, Patricia Albericio, Guillermo Esteban, Mariano García-Arriaza, Juan Lasarte, Juan J. Sarobe, Pablo Front Immunol Immunology Current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, based on the original Wuhan sequence, induce antibodies with different degrees of cross-recognition of new viral variants of concern. Despite potent responses generated in vaccinated and infected individuals, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant causes breakthrough infections, facilitating viral transmission. We previously reported a vaccine based on a cyclic peptide containing the 446-488 S1 sequence (446-488cc) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein from Wuhan isolate. To provide the best immunity against Omicron, here we compared Omicron-specific immunity induced by a Wuhan-based 446-488cc peptide, by a Wuhan-based recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine and by a new 446-488cc peptide vaccine based on the Omicron sequence. Antibodies induced by Wuhan peptide 446-488cc in three murine strains not only recognized the Wuhan and Omicron 446-488 peptides similarly, but also Wuhan and Omicron RBD protein variants. By contrast, antibodies induced by the Wuhan recombinant RBD vaccine showed a much poorer cross-reactivity for the Omicron RBD despite similar recognition of Wuhan and Omicron peptide variants. Finally, although the Omicron-based 446-488cc peptide vaccine was poorly immunogenic in mice due to the loss of T cell epitopes, co-immunization with Omicron peptide 446-488cc and exogenous T cell epitopes induced strong cross-reactive antibodies that neutralized Omicron SARS-CoV-2 virus. Since mutations occurring within this sequence do not alter T cell epitopes in humans, these results indicate the robust immunogenicity of 446-488cc-based peptide vaccines that induce antibodies with a high cross-recognition capacity against Omicron, and suggest that this sequence could be included in future vaccines targeting the Omicron variant. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9902865/ /pubmed/36761163 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044025 Text en Copyright © 2023 Aparicio, Ruiz, Casares, Silva, Egea, Pérez, Albericio, Esteban, García-Arriaza, Lasarte and Sarobe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Aparicio, Belén
Ruiz, Marta
Casares, Noelia
Silva, Leyre
Egea, Josune
Pérez, Patricia
Albericio, Guillermo
Esteban, Mariano
García-Arriaza, Juan
Lasarte, Juan J.
Sarobe, Pablo
Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
title Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
title_full Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
title_fullStr Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
title_short Enhanced cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
title_sort enhanced cross-recognition of sars-cov-2 omicron variant by peptide vaccine-induced antibodies
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36761163
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044025
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