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An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure

Previous studies have confirmed the significant effects of single forest stand attributes, such as forest type (FT), understory vegetation cover (UVC), and understory vegetation height (UVH) on visitors' visual perception. However, rarely study has yet clearly determined the relationship betwee...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Chang, Du, Chunlan, Ge, Shutong, Tong, Tong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36761146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1089423
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author Li, Chang
Du, Chunlan
Ge, Shutong
Tong, Tong
author_facet Li, Chang
Du, Chunlan
Ge, Shutong
Tong, Tong
author_sort Li, Chang
collection PubMed
description Previous studies have confirmed the significant effects of single forest stand attributes, such as forest type (FT), understory vegetation cover (UVC), and understory vegetation height (UVH) on visitors' visual perception. However, rarely study has yet clearly determined the relationship between vegetation permeability and visual perception, while the former is formed by the interaction of multiple forest stand attributes (i.e., FT, UVC, UVH). Based on a mixed factor matrix of FT (i.e., coniferous forests and broadleaf), UVC level (i.e., 10, 60, and 100%), and UVH level (0.1, 1, and 3 m), the study creates 18 immersive virtual forest videos with different stand attributes. Virtual reality eye-tracking technology and questionnaires are used to collect visual perception data from viewing virtual forest videos. The study finds that vegetation permeability which is formed by the interaction effect of canopy density (i.e., FT) and understory density (i.e., UVC, UVH), significantly affects participant's visual perception: in terms of visual physiology characteristics, pupil size is significantly negatively correlated with vegetation permeability when participants are viewing virtual reality forest; in terms of visual psychological characteristics, the understory density formed by the interaction of UVC and UVH has a significant impact on visual attractiveness and perceived safety and the impact in which understory density is significantly negatively correlated with perceived safety. Apart from these, the study finds a significant negative correlation between average pupil diameter and perceived safety when participants are viewing virtual reality forests. The findings may be beneficial for the maintenance and management of forest parks, as well as provide insights into similar studies to explore urban public green spaces.
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spelling pubmed-99028842023-02-08 An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure Li, Chang Du, Chunlan Ge, Shutong Tong, Tong Front Public Health Public Health Previous studies have confirmed the significant effects of single forest stand attributes, such as forest type (FT), understory vegetation cover (UVC), and understory vegetation height (UVH) on visitors' visual perception. However, rarely study has yet clearly determined the relationship between vegetation permeability and visual perception, while the former is formed by the interaction of multiple forest stand attributes (i.e., FT, UVC, UVH). Based on a mixed factor matrix of FT (i.e., coniferous forests and broadleaf), UVC level (i.e., 10, 60, and 100%), and UVH level (0.1, 1, and 3 m), the study creates 18 immersive virtual forest videos with different stand attributes. Virtual reality eye-tracking technology and questionnaires are used to collect visual perception data from viewing virtual forest videos. The study finds that vegetation permeability which is formed by the interaction effect of canopy density (i.e., FT) and understory density (i.e., UVC, UVH), significantly affects participant's visual perception: in terms of visual physiology characteristics, pupil size is significantly negatively correlated with vegetation permeability when participants are viewing virtual reality forest; in terms of visual psychological characteristics, the understory density formed by the interaction of UVC and UVH has a significant impact on visual attractiveness and perceived safety and the impact in which understory density is significantly negatively correlated with perceived safety. Apart from these, the study finds a significant negative correlation between average pupil diameter and perceived safety when participants are viewing virtual reality forests. The findings may be beneficial for the maintenance and management of forest parks, as well as provide insights into similar studies to explore urban public green spaces. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9902884/ /pubmed/36761146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1089423 Text en Copyright © 2023 Li, Du, Ge and Tong. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Li, Chang
Du, Chunlan
Ge, Shutong
Tong, Tong
An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
title An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
title_full An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
title_fullStr An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
title_full_unstemmed An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
title_short An eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
title_sort eye-tracking study on visual perception of vegetation permeability in virtual reality forest exposure
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36761146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1089423
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