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Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort

BACKGROUND: Diet being a modifiable factor, its relationship with cardiometabolic risk is of public health interest. The vast majority of studies on associations of dietary patterns with cardiometabolic risk indicators among adolescents are from high-income countries and urban settings. We sought to...

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Autores principales: Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, Rahman, Syed Moshfiqur, Selling, Katarina, Näsänen-Gilmore, Pieta, Kippler, Maria, Kajantie, Eero, Rahman, Anisur, Pervin, Jesmin, Ekström, Eva-Charlotte
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9905110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36761218
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1058965
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author Islam, Mohammad Redwanul
Rahman, Syed Moshfiqur
Selling, Katarina
Näsänen-Gilmore, Pieta
Kippler, Maria
Kajantie, Eero
Rahman, Anisur
Pervin, Jesmin
Ekström, Eva-Charlotte
author_facet Islam, Mohammad Redwanul
Rahman, Syed Moshfiqur
Selling, Katarina
Näsänen-Gilmore, Pieta
Kippler, Maria
Kajantie, Eero
Rahman, Anisur
Pervin, Jesmin
Ekström, Eva-Charlotte
author_sort Islam, Mohammad Redwanul
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Diet being a modifiable factor, its relationship with cardiometabolic risk is of public health interest. The vast majority of studies on associations of dietary patterns with cardiometabolic risk indicators among adolescents are from high-income countries and urban settings. We sought to describe dietary patterns and examine their associations with selected cardiometabolic risk indicators–waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, fasting lipid profile and insulin resistance–along with its gender stratification among adolescents in a low-income, rural setting. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 15-year follow-up of the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) cohort in southeast Bangladesh. The children who were born as singletons to the mothers randomized in the MINIMat trial and had valid birth anthropometrics were eligible for the follow-up. We employed a single, qualitative 24-hour recall to assess diet. Dietary patterns were derived from simple K-means cluster analysis, and calculation of dietary diversity score (DDS) using a validated instrument. Anthropometric parameters and systolic blood pressure were recorded. Fasting plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, insulin and glucose levels were measured. We calculated insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model Assessment equation (HOMA-IR). Three right-skewed outcome variables were natural log (Ln) transformed: WC, triglyceride and HOMA-IR. Omnibus and gender-specific multiple linear regression models were fitted. RESULTS: Among 2,253 adolescents (52.1% girls, 7.1% overweight/obese), we identified four diet clusters: Traditional, Fish-dominant, Meat-dominant, and High-variety. No significant associations were found between the clusters and indicators. On gender-stratification, triglyceride levels were lower among boys in the Fish-dominant (Ln-triglyceride β(adjusted): −0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.15, −0.02) and Meat-dominant (Ln-triglyceride β(adjusted): −0.08; 95% CI: −0.15, −0.004) clusters than among boys in the Traditional cluster. Compared to boys in the bottom quartile of DDS, boys in the top quartile had 2.1 mm of Hg (95% CI: 0.5, 3.6) higher systolic blood pressure and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.01–3.8%) higher WC. CONCLUSION: While statistically significant, the gender-specific differences in triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference across dietary patterns were small. Associations between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk indicators may require a time lag beyond mid-adolescence to manifest in a rural setting. Prospective studies are warranted to delineate the magnitude and direction of those associations.
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spelling pubmed-99051102023-02-08 Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort Islam, Mohammad Redwanul Rahman, Syed Moshfiqur Selling, Katarina Näsänen-Gilmore, Pieta Kippler, Maria Kajantie, Eero Rahman, Anisur Pervin, Jesmin Ekström, Eva-Charlotte Front Nutr Nutrition BACKGROUND: Diet being a modifiable factor, its relationship with cardiometabolic risk is of public health interest. The vast majority of studies on associations of dietary patterns with cardiometabolic risk indicators among adolescents are from high-income countries and urban settings. We sought to describe dietary patterns and examine their associations with selected cardiometabolic risk indicators–waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, fasting lipid profile and insulin resistance–along with its gender stratification among adolescents in a low-income, rural setting. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 15-year follow-up of the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) cohort in southeast Bangladesh. The children who were born as singletons to the mothers randomized in the MINIMat trial and had valid birth anthropometrics were eligible for the follow-up. We employed a single, qualitative 24-hour recall to assess diet. Dietary patterns were derived from simple K-means cluster analysis, and calculation of dietary diversity score (DDS) using a validated instrument. Anthropometric parameters and systolic blood pressure were recorded. Fasting plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, insulin and glucose levels were measured. We calculated insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model Assessment equation (HOMA-IR). Three right-skewed outcome variables were natural log (Ln) transformed: WC, triglyceride and HOMA-IR. Omnibus and gender-specific multiple linear regression models were fitted. RESULTS: Among 2,253 adolescents (52.1% girls, 7.1% overweight/obese), we identified four diet clusters: Traditional, Fish-dominant, Meat-dominant, and High-variety. No significant associations were found between the clusters and indicators. On gender-stratification, triglyceride levels were lower among boys in the Fish-dominant (Ln-triglyceride β(adjusted): −0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.15, −0.02) and Meat-dominant (Ln-triglyceride β(adjusted): −0.08; 95% CI: −0.15, −0.004) clusters than among boys in the Traditional cluster. Compared to boys in the bottom quartile of DDS, boys in the top quartile had 2.1 mm of Hg (95% CI: 0.5, 3.6) higher systolic blood pressure and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.01–3.8%) higher WC. CONCLUSION: While statistically significant, the gender-specific differences in triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference across dietary patterns were small. Associations between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk indicators may require a time lag beyond mid-adolescence to manifest in a rural setting. Prospective studies are warranted to delineate the magnitude and direction of those associations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9905110/ /pubmed/36761218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1058965 Text en Copyright © 2023 Islam, Rahman, Selling, Näsänen-Gilmore, Kippler, Kajantie, Rahman, Pervin and Ekström. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Islam, Mohammad Redwanul
Rahman, Syed Moshfiqur
Selling, Katarina
Näsänen-Gilmore, Pieta
Kippler, Maria
Kajantie, Eero
Rahman, Anisur
Pervin, Jesmin
Ekström, Eva-Charlotte
Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
title Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
title_full Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
title_fullStr Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
title_full_unstemmed Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
title_short Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
title_sort dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: a cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the minimat cohort
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9905110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36761218
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1058965
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