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From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement

Many legal decisions center on the thoughts or perceptions of some idealized group of individuals, referred to variously as the “average person,” “the typical consumer,” or the “reasonable person.” Substantial concerns exist, however, regarding the subjectivity and vulnerability to biases inherent i...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Zhihao, Good, Maxwell, Kulikov, Vera, van Horen, Femke, Bartholomew, Mark, Kayser, Andrew S., Hsu, Ming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9908014/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36753556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abo1095
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author Zhang, Zhihao
Good, Maxwell
Kulikov, Vera
van Horen, Femke
Bartholomew, Mark
Kayser, Andrew S.
Hsu, Ming
author_facet Zhang, Zhihao
Good, Maxwell
Kulikov, Vera
van Horen, Femke
Bartholomew, Mark
Kayser, Andrew S.
Hsu, Ming
author_sort Zhang, Zhihao
collection PubMed
description Many legal decisions center on the thoughts or perceptions of some idealized group of individuals, referred to variously as the “average person,” “the typical consumer,” or the “reasonable person.” Substantial concerns exist, however, regarding the subjectivity and vulnerability to biases inherent in conventional means of assessing such responses, particularly the use of self-report evidence. Here, we addressed these concerns by complementing self-report evidence with neural data to inform the mental representations in question. Using an example from intellectual property law, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct a parsimonious neural index of visual similarity that can inform the reasonable person test of trademark infringement. Moreover, when aggregated across multiple participants, this index was able to detect experimenter-induced biases in self-report surveys in a sensitive and replicable fashion. Together, these findings potentially broaden the possibilities for neuroscientific data to inform legal decision-making across a range of settings.
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spelling pubmed-99080142023-02-09 From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement Zhang, Zhihao Good, Maxwell Kulikov, Vera van Horen, Femke Bartholomew, Mark Kayser, Andrew S. Hsu, Ming Sci Adv Neuroscience Many legal decisions center on the thoughts or perceptions of some idealized group of individuals, referred to variously as the “average person,” “the typical consumer,” or the “reasonable person.” Substantial concerns exist, however, regarding the subjectivity and vulnerability to biases inherent in conventional means of assessing such responses, particularly the use of self-report evidence. Here, we addressed these concerns by complementing self-report evidence with neural data to inform the mental representations in question. Using an example from intellectual property law, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct a parsimonious neural index of visual similarity that can inform the reasonable person test of trademark infringement. Moreover, when aggregated across multiple participants, this index was able to detect experimenter-induced biases in self-report surveys in a sensitive and replicable fashion. Together, these findings potentially broaden the possibilities for neuroscientific data to inform legal decision-making across a range of settings. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9908014/ /pubmed/36753556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abo1095 Text en Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Zhang, Zhihao
Good, Maxwell
Kulikov, Vera
van Horen, Femke
Bartholomew, Mark
Kayser, Andrew S.
Hsu, Ming
From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
title From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
title_full From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
title_fullStr From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
title_full_unstemmed From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
title_short From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
title_sort from scanner to court: a neuroscientifically informed “reasonable person” test of trademark infringement
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9908014/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36753556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abo1095
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