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Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture
INTRODUCTION: The soil houses a tremendous amount of micro-organisms, many of which are plant parasites and pathogens by feeding off plant roots for sustenance. Such root pathogens and parasites often rely on plant-secreted signaling molecules in the rhizosphere as host guidance cues. Here we descri...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9908596/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36777533 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1008725 |
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author | Oota, Morihiro Toyoda, Syuuto Kotake, Toshihisa Wada, Naoki Hashiguchi, Masatsugu Akashi, Ryo Ishikawa, Hayato Favery, Bruno Tsai, Allen Yi-Lun Sawa, Shinichiro |
author_facet | Oota, Morihiro Toyoda, Syuuto Kotake, Toshihisa Wada, Naoki Hashiguchi, Masatsugu Akashi, Ryo Ishikawa, Hayato Favery, Bruno Tsai, Allen Yi-Lun Sawa, Shinichiro |
author_sort | Oota, Morihiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: The soil houses a tremendous amount of micro-organisms, many of which are plant parasites and pathogens by feeding off plant roots for sustenance. Such root pathogens and parasites often rely on plant-secreted signaling molecules in the rhizosphere as host guidance cues. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a chemoattractant of plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, RKN). METHODS: The Super-growing Root (SR) culture, consisting of excised roots from the legume species Lotus corniculatus L., was found to strongly attract infective RKN juveniles and actively secrete chemoattractants into the liquid culture media. The chemo-attractant in the culture media supernatant was purified using hydrophobicity and anion exchange chromatography, and found to be enriched in carbohydrates. RESULTS: Monosaccharide analyses suggest the chemo-attractant contains a wide array of sugars, but is enriched in arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid. This purified chemoattractant was shown to contain pectin, specifically anti-rhamnogalacturonan-I and anti-arabinogalactan protein epitopes but not anti-homogalacturonan epitopes. More importantly, the arabinose and galactose sidechain groups were found to be essential for RKN-attracting activities. This chemo-attractant appears to be specific to M. incognita, as it wasn’t effective in attracting other Meloidogyne species nor Caenorhabditis elegans. DISCUSSION: This is the first report to identify the nematode attractant purified from root exudate of L corniculatus L. Our findings re-enforce pectic carbohydrates as important chemicals mediating micro-organism chemotaxis in the soil, and also highlight the unexpected utilities of the SR culture system in root pathogen research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9908596 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99085962023-02-10 Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture Oota, Morihiro Toyoda, Syuuto Kotake, Toshihisa Wada, Naoki Hashiguchi, Masatsugu Akashi, Ryo Ishikawa, Hayato Favery, Bruno Tsai, Allen Yi-Lun Sawa, Shinichiro Front Plant Sci Plant Science INTRODUCTION: The soil houses a tremendous amount of micro-organisms, many of which are plant parasites and pathogens by feeding off plant roots for sustenance. Such root pathogens and parasites often rely on plant-secreted signaling molecules in the rhizosphere as host guidance cues. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a chemoattractant of plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, RKN). METHODS: The Super-growing Root (SR) culture, consisting of excised roots from the legume species Lotus corniculatus L., was found to strongly attract infective RKN juveniles and actively secrete chemoattractants into the liquid culture media. The chemo-attractant in the culture media supernatant was purified using hydrophobicity and anion exchange chromatography, and found to be enriched in carbohydrates. RESULTS: Monosaccharide analyses suggest the chemo-attractant contains a wide array of sugars, but is enriched in arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid. This purified chemoattractant was shown to contain pectin, specifically anti-rhamnogalacturonan-I and anti-arabinogalactan protein epitopes but not anti-homogalacturonan epitopes. More importantly, the arabinose and galactose sidechain groups were found to be essential for RKN-attracting activities. This chemo-attractant appears to be specific to M. incognita, as it wasn’t effective in attracting other Meloidogyne species nor Caenorhabditis elegans. DISCUSSION: This is the first report to identify the nematode attractant purified from root exudate of L corniculatus L. Our findings re-enforce pectic carbohydrates as important chemicals mediating micro-organism chemotaxis in the soil, and also highlight the unexpected utilities of the SR culture system in root pathogen research. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9908596/ /pubmed/36777533 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1008725 Text en Copyright © 2023 Oota, Toyoda, Kotake, Wada, Hashiguchi, Akashi, Ishikawa, Favery, Tsai and Sawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Oota, Morihiro Toyoda, Syuuto Kotake, Toshihisa Wada, Naoki Hashiguchi, Masatsugu Akashi, Ryo Ishikawa, Hayato Favery, Bruno Tsai, Allen Yi-Lun Sawa, Shinichiro Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture |
title | Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture |
title_full | Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture |
title_fullStr | Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture |
title_full_unstemmed | Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture |
title_short | Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture |
title_sort | rhamnogalacturonan-i as a nematode chemoattractant from lotus corniculatus l. super-growing root culture |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9908596/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36777533 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1008725 |
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