Impact of magnesium sulfate therapy in improvement of renal functions in high fat diet-induced diabetic rats and their offspring

The role of magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) administration to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN) by reducing insulin resistance (IR) and the relationship of this action with gender and the expression of NOX4 and ICAM1 genes in the parents and their offspring were studied. Males and females rat, and their pups were used. Type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD) administration and a low dose of streptozotocin. Animals were divided into the: non-treated diabetic (DC), the diabetic group received insulin (Ins), and the diabetic group received MgSO(4). Two groups of parents received just a normal diet (NDC). Following each set of parents for 16 weeks and their pups for 4 months, while eating normally. We assessed the amount of water consumed, urine volume, and blood glucose level. The levels of glucose, albumin, and creatinine in the urine were also measured, as well as the amounts of sodium, albumin, and creatinine in the serum. Calculations were made for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the excretion rates of Na and glucose fractions (FE Na and FE G, respectively). The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was done. NOX4 and ICAM1 gene expressions in the kidney were also measured. MgSO(4) or insulin therapy decreased blood glucose, IR, and improved GFR, FE Na, and FE G in both parents and their offspring compared to D group. MgSO(4) improved NOX4 and ICAM1 gene expressions in the parents and their offspring compared to D group. Our results indicated that MgSO(4) could reduce blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, and it could improve kidney function.