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The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a severe infection responsible for upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGISs). Several causes of H. pylori infection include food ingestion and person-to-person transmission. Many lifestyle variables can affect the occurrence of UGISs such as coffee consum...

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Autores principales: Abdulfattah, Alfadl A, Jawkhab, Hanan A, Alhazmi, Altaf A, Alfaifi, Nada A, Sultan, Maryam A, Alnami, Rajaa A, Kenani, Nada Y, Hamzi, Shorooq A, Abu Sharha, Shahd M, Dighriri, Ibrahim M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9909123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36779087
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33574
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author Abdulfattah, Alfadl A
Jawkhab, Hanan A
Alhazmi, Altaf A
Alfaifi, Nada A
Sultan, Maryam A
Alnami, Rajaa A
Kenani, Nada Y
Hamzi, Shorooq A
Abu Sharha, Shahd M
Dighriri, Ibrahim M
author_facet Abdulfattah, Alfadl A
Jawkhab, Hanan A
Alhazmi, Altaf A
Alfaifi, Nada A
Sultan, Maryam A
Alnami, Rajaa A
Kenani, Nada Y
Hamzi, Shorooq A
Abu Sharha, Shahd M
Dighriri, Ibrahim M
author_sort Abdulfattah, Alfadl A
collection PubMed
description Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a severe infection responsible for upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGISs). Several causes of H. pylori infection include food ingestion and person-to-person transmission. Many lifestyle variables can affect the occurrence of UGISs such as coffee consumption and smoking. Objective: To assess the association between smoking and coffee consumption and the occurrence of UGISs in patients with active H. pylori infection in Jazan city in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to conduct the study between July 2022 and August 2022 in Jazan, southern Saudi Arabia. Male and female Saudis or non-Saudis ≥ 18 years of age with an active H. pylori infection were included. Participants under 18 years or without active H. pylori infection were excluded. Data were collected from participants using the convenience sampling technique and a structured questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire evaluated social and demographic factors such as age, sex, place of residence, nationality, and educational level; the second part evaluated smoking and coffee-drinking habits. Furthermore, frequencies and percentages represented categorical variables. A continuous variable was converted to a categorical variable. The relationship between different variables is tested using the Chi-square test. Result: The total number of respondents who completed the questionnaire was 1225, with only 422 having H. pylori entries in this study. There were 290 (68.7%) men and only 132 (31.3%) women among them; the majority were young adults (18-20 years old). More than half of the participants (53%) never smoked, 23% were active smokers, and 23% were former smokers. Around 27.1% smoke five cigarettes a day and 12.6% smoke five to 15 cigarettes a day. Three-hundred (71.1%) of the participants drank coffee. 23.9% indicated that they did not drink coffee. Of those who take coffee, more than half (51.7%) take fewer than three cups daily and 25.6% take approximately three to five cups of coffee per day. Our findings indicate a link between coffee consumption and UGISs (p = 0.00), while smoking did not have a significant relationship with UGISs (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Our research showed that drinking coffee was related to UGISs, but smoking was not found in people with active H. pylori infection. In smokers, UGISs increased substantially, but not significantly. We need real-world research to identify the association between coffee consumption and UGISs. In addition, we need to educate people at risk for UGISs to reduce coffee, smoking, and other risk factors.
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spelling pubmed-99091232023-02-10 The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study Abdulfattah, Alfadl A Jawkhab, Hanan A Alhazmi, Altaf A Alfaifi, Nada A Sultan, Maryam A Alnami, Rajaa A Kenani, Nada Y Hamzi, Shorooq A Abu Sharha, Shahd M Dighriri, Ibrahim M Cureus Family/General Practice Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a severe infection responsible for upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGISs). Several causes of H. pylori infection include food ingestion and person-to-person transmission. Many lifestyle variables can affect the occurrence of UGISs such as coffee consumption and smoking. Objective: To assess the association between smoking and coffee consumption and the occurrence of UGISs in patients with active H. pylori infection in Jazan city in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to conduct the study between July 2022 and August 2022 in Jazan, southern Saudi Arabia. Male and female Saudis or non-Saudis ≥ 18 years of age with an active H. pylori infection were included. Participants under 18 years or without active H. pylori infection were excluded. Data were collected from participants using the convenience sampling technique and a structured questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire evaluated social and demographic factors such as age, sex, place of residence, nationality, and educational level; the second part evaluated smoking and coffee-drinking habits. Furthermore, frequencies and percentages represented categorical variables. A continuous variable was converted to a categorical variable. The relationship between different variables is tested using the Chi-square test. Result: The total number of respondents who completed the questionnaire was 1225, with only 422 having H. pylori entries in this study. There were 290 (68.7%) men and only 132 (31.3%) women among them; the majority were young adults (18-20 years old). More than half of the participants (53%) never smoked, 23% were active smokers, and 23% were former smokers. Around 27.1% smoke five cigarettes a day and 12.6% smoke five to 15 cigarettes a day. Three-hundred (71.1%) of the participants drank coffee. 23.9% indicated that they did not drink coffee. Of those who take coffee, more than half (51.7%) take fewer than three cups daily and 25.6% take approximately three to five cups of coffee per day. Our findings indicate a link between coffee consumption and UGISs (p = 0.00), while smoking did not have a significant relationship with UGISs (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Our research showed that drinking coffee was related to UGISs, but smoking was not found in people with active H. pylori infection. In smokers, UGISs increased substantially, but not significantly. We need real-world research to identify the association between coffee consumption and UGISs. In addition, we need to educate people at risk for UGISs to reduce coffee, smoking, and other risk factors. Cureus 2023-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9909123/ /pubmed/36779087 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33574 Text en Copyright © 2023, Abdulfattah et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Family/General Practice
Abdulfattah, Alfadl A
Jawkhab, Hanan A
Alhazmi, Altaf A
Alfaifi, Nada A
Sultan, Maryam A
Alnami, Rajaa A
Kenani, Nada Y
Hamzi, Shorooq A
Abu Sharha, Shahd M
Dighriri, Ibrahim M
The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
title The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort association of smoking and coffee consumption with occurrence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with active helicobacter pylori infection in jazan city: a cross-sectional study
topic Family/General Practice
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9909123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36779087
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33574
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