Proteolysis modification targeting protein corona affects ultrasound-induced membrane homeostasis of saccharomyces cerevisiae: Analysis of lipid relative contributions on membrane properties

INTRODUCTION: Protein corona (PCN) adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles has brought new research perspectives for the interaction between nanoparticles and microorganisms. In this study, the responses of saccharomyces cerevisiae’ membrane lipid composition, the average length of the fatty acyl chains and the average number of unsaturation of fatty acids to ultrasound combined with nano-Fe(3)O(4)@PCN with time-limited proteolysis (nano-Fe(3)O(4)@TLP-PCN) was investigated. METHODS: Lipidomic data was obtained using Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q-Exactive plus mass spectrometer. The membrane potential, proton motive force assay and the membrane lipid oxidation were measured using Di-BAC(4)(3), DISC(3)(5) and C11-BODIPY(581/591) as the probes. Combined with the approach of feasible virtual samples generation, the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was adopted to establish the mapping relationship between lipids and membrane properties. RESULTS: The time-limited proteolysis targeting wheat PCN-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles resulted in regular changes of hydrodynamic diameters, ζ-potentials, and surface hydrophobicity. In addition, with the prolongation of PCN proteolysis time, disturbances of 3 S.cerevisiae membrane characteristics, and membrane lipidomic remodeling in response to ultrasound+ nano-Fe(3)O(4)@PCN were observed. The analysis of relative importance which followed revealed that ergosterol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol phosphate had the greatest influence on membrane potential. For membrane lipid oxidation, ceramide, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sitosterol ester contribute 16.2, 14.9, and 13.1%, respectively. The relative contributions of six lysolecithins to the dissipation of proton motive force remained limited. DISCUSSION: An adaptation mechanism of cell membrane to proteolyzed PCN, wherein lipidome remodeling could preserved functional membrane phenotypes was revealed. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the relative importances of SiE, Cer, PE and PIP in determining membrane potential, PMF dissipation and membrane lipid oxidation by establishing FVSG-BP-ANN model.