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Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. CRC screening programs have reduced the incidence rates of CRCs but still suffer from the problems of missed lesions and interval cancers. Chemopreventive strategies against CRC would benefit high-risk populations...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36730670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000001808 |
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author | Jackson, Katy Samaddar, Sohini Markiewicz, Mary A. Bansal, Ajay |
author_facet | Jackson, Katy Samaddar, Sohini Markiewicz, Mary A. Bansal, Ajay |
author_sort | Jackson, Katy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. CRC screening programs have reduced the incidence rates of CRCs but still suffer from the problems of missed lesions and interval cancers. Chemopreventive strategies against CRC would benefit high-risk populations but trials testing synthetic and naturally occurring compounds have not yielded a front runner. Immune mechanisms promoting cancer have been modulated to develop immunotherapy for cancer treatment that has revolutionized cancer management, but could also be applied to cancer interception, that is, cancer immunoprevention. Cancer immunoprevention refers to approaches that can enhance the immune system, either directly or by removing natural breaks such as immune checkpoints, to survey and destroy tumor cells. In this primer, we aim to explain the concepts behind vaccine-based cancer immunoprevention. Multiple cancer vaccines have been tried in advanced cancer populations, but most have failed primarily because of an immunosuppressive environment that accompanies advanced cancers. Preventive vaccines in immunocompetent hosts may have a better clinical response compared with therapeutic vaccines in immunosuppressed hosts. The first randomized controlled trial testing the mucin1 vaccine against CRC in the prevention setting has been successfully completed. For the benefit of the clinician, we briefly discuss important concepts related to the workings of preventive vaccines. Prevention with vaccines is a highly attractive approach because of the potential for highly targeted therapy with minimal side effects that could theoretically provide lifelong protection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9911105 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99111052023-02-14 Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician Jackson, Katy Samaddar, Sohini Markiewicz, Mary A. Bansal, Ajay J Clin Gastroenterol Clinical Reviews Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. CRC screening programs have reduced the incidence rates of CRCs but still suffer from the problems of missed lesions and interval cancers. Chemopreventive strategies against CRC would benefit high-risk populations but trials testing synthetic and naturally occurring compounds have not yielded a front runner. Immune mechanisms promoting cancer have been modulated to develop immunotherapy for cancer treatment that has revolutionized cancer management, but could also be applied to cancer interception, that is, cancer immunoprevention. Cancer immunoprevention refers to approaches that can enhance the immune system, either directly or by removing natural breaks such as immune checkpoints, to survey and destroy tumor cells. In this primer, we aim to explain the concepts behind vaccine-based cancer immunoprevention. Multiple cancer vaccines have been tried in advanced cancer populations, but most have failed primarily because of an immunosuppressive environment that accompanies advanced cancers. Preventive vaccines in immunocompetent hosts may have a better clinical response compared with therapeutic vaccines in immunosuppressed hosts. The first randomized controlled trial testing the mucin1 vaccine against CRC in the prevention setting has been successfully completed. For the benefit of the clinician, we briefly discuss important concepts related to the workings of preventive vaccines. Prevention with vaccines is a highly attractive approach because of the potential for highly targeted therapy with minimal side effects that could theoretically provide lifelong protection. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9911105/ /pubmed/36730670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000001808 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
spellingShingle | Clinical Reviews Jackson, Katy Samaddar, Sohini Markiewicz, Mary A. Bansal, Ajay Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician |
title | Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician |
title_full | Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician |
title_fullStr | Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician |
title_full_unstemmed | Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician |
title_short | Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician |
title_sort | vaccination-based immunoprevention of colorectal tumors: a primer for the clinician |
topic | Clinical Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36730670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000001808 |
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