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Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis
BACKGROUND: The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has resulted in the loss of many lives and a significant decline in global economic losses. Thus, for a large country like India, there is a need to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 in a clustered way. OBJECTIVE: To...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911546/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36777781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027312 |
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author | Singh, Priya Bhaskar, Yogendra Verma, Pulkit Rana, Shweta Goel, Prabudh Kumar, Sujeet Gouda, Krushna Chandra Singh, Harpreet |
author_facet | Singh, Priya Bhaskar, Yogendra Verma, Pulkit Rana, Shweta Goel, Prabudh Kumar, Sujeet Gouda, Krushna Chandra Singh, Harpreet |
author_sort | Singh, Priya |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has resulted in the loss of many lives and a significant decline in global economic losses. Thus, for a large country like India, there is a need to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 in a clustered way. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to age, gender, and preexisting comorbidity. Patients with COVID-19 were categorized according to comorbidity, and the data over a 2-year period (1 January 2020 to 31 January 2022) were considered to analyze the impact of comorbidity on severe COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: For different age/gender groups, the distribution of COVID-19 positive, hospitalized, and mortality cases was estimated. The impact of comorbidity was assessed by computing incidence rate (IR), odds ratio (OR), and proportion analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that COVID-19 caused an exponential growth in mortality. In patients over the age of 50, the mortality rate was found to be very high, ~80%. Moreover, based on the estimation of OR, it can be inferred that age and various preexisting comorbidities were found to be predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. The strongest risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were preexisting comorbidities like diabetes (OR: 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–2.47; p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 2.23–2.39; p < 0.0001), and heart disease (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08–2.30; p < 0.0001). The proportion of fatal cases among patients positive for COVID-19 increased with the number of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities were at an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Patients in the elderly age group with underlying medical conditions are recommended for preventive medical care or medical resources and vaccination against COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9911546 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99115462023-02-11 Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis Singh, Priya Bhaskar, Yogendra Verma, Pulkit Rana, Shweta Goel, Prabudh Kumar, Sujeet Gouda, Krushna Chandra Singh, Harpreet Front Public Health Public Health BACKGROUND: The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has resulted in the loss of many lives and a significant decline in global economic losses. Thus, for a large country like India, there is a need to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 in a clustered way. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to age, gender, and preexisting comorbidity. Patients with COVID-19 were categorized according to comorbidity, and the data over a 2-year period (1 January 2020 to 31 January 2022) were considered to analyze the impact of comorbidity on severe COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: For different age/gender groups, the distribution of COVID-19 positive, hospitalized, and mortality cases was estimated. The impact of comorbidity was assessed by computing incidence rate (IR), odds ratio (OR), and proportion analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that COVID-19 caused an exponential growth in mortality. In patients over the age of 50, the mortality rate was found to be very high, ~80%. Moreover, based on the estimation of OR, it can be inferred that age and various preexisting comorbidities were found to be predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. The strongest risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were preexisting comorbidities like diabetes (OR: 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–2.47; p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 2.23–2.39; p < 0.0001), and heart disease (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08–2.30; p < 0.0001). The proportion of fatal cases among patients positive for COVID-19 increased with the number of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities were at an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Patients in the elderly age group with underlying medical conditions are recommended for preventive medical care or medical resources and vaccination against COVID-19. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9911546/ /pubmed/36777781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027312 Text en Copyright © 2023 Singh, Bhaskar, Verma, Rana, Goel, Kumar, Gouda and Singh. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Singh, Priya Bhaskar, Yogendra Verma, Pulkit Rana, Shweta Goel, Prabudh Kumar, Sujeet Gouda, Krushna Chandra Singh, Harpreet Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
title | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
title_full | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
title_fullStr | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
title_short | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
title_sort | impact of comorbidity on patients with covid-19 in india: a nationwide analysis |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911546/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36777781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027312 |
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