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Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review

In response to the novel coronavirus referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – a virus that causes COVID-19 disease has led to wide use of sanitizers and disinfectants. This, in turn, triggered concerns on their potential deleterious effects to human health and th...

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Autores principales: Musee, Ndeke, Ngwenya, Phephile, Motaung, Lenah Kagiso, Moshuhla, Kgalifi, Nomngongo, Philiswa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911856/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2023.01.003
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author Musee, Ndeke
Ngwenya, Phephile
Motaung, Lenah Kagiso
Moshuhla, Kgalifi
Nomngongo, Philiswa
author_facet Musee, Ndeke
Ngwenya, Phephile
Motaung, Lenah Kagiso
Moshuhla, Kgalifi
Nomngongo, Philiswa
author_sort Musee, Ndeke
collection PubMed
description In response to the novel coronavirus referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – a virus that causes COVID-19 disease has led to wide use of sanitizers and disinfectants. This, in turn, triggered concerns on their potential deleterious effects to human health and the environment due to numerous chemicals incorporated in both product categories. Here, the current state of science regarding the occurrence and ecological effects of different classes of chemicals in these products (e.g., ultraviolent filters, fragrances, etc.) are summarized in different natural (e.g., rivers) and engineered (e.g., wastewater treatment plants) systems. Data collected in the literature suggests chemicals incorporated in sanitizers and disinfectants are present in the environment, and a large portion are toxic to fish, algae, and daphnia. Using the risk quotient approach based on occurrence data, we found eight chemicals that posed the highest risk to aquatic organisms in freshwater systems were benzalkonium chloride, 4-chloro-m-cresol, sodium ortho phenyl phenate, hydrogen peroxide, 1, 2-propanediol, 4-Methyl-benzilidine-camphor, ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate, and octocrylene. Considering limited occurrence and effects information for most chemicals, further studies on environmental monitoring and potential consequences of long-term exposure in aquatic ecosystems are recommended.
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spelling pubmed-99118562023-02-10 Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review Musee, Ndeke Ngwenya, Phephile Motaung, Lenah Kagiso Moshuhla, Kgalifi Nomngongo, Philiswa Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Article In response to the novel coronavirus referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – a virus that causes COVID-19 disease has led to wide use of sanitizers and disinfectants. This, in turn, triggered concerns on their potential deleterious effects to human health and the environment due to numerous chemicals incorporated in both product categories. Here, the current state of science regarding the occurrence and ecological effects of different classes of chemicals in these products (e.g., ultraviolent filters, fragrances, etc.) are summarized in different natural (e.g., rivers) and engineered (e.g., wastewater treatment plants) systems. Data collected in the literature suggests chemicals incorporated in sanitizers and disinfectants are present in the environment, and a large portion are toxic to fish, algae, and daphnia. Using the risk quotient approach based on occurrence data, we found eight chemicals that posed the highest risk to aquatic organisms in freshwater systems were benzalkonium chloride, 4-chloro-m-cresol, sodium ortho phenyl phenate, hydrogen peroxide, 1, 2-propanediol, 4-Methyl-benzilidine-camphor, ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate, and octocrylene. Considering limited occurrence and effects information for most chemicals, further studies on environmental monitoring and potential consequences of long-term exposure in aquatic ecosystems are recommended. The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2023 2023-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9911856/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2023.01.003 Text en © 2023 The Authors Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Musee, Ndeke
Ngwenya, Phephile
Motaung, Lenah Kagiso
Moshuhla, Kgalifi
Nomngongo, Philiswa
Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review
title Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review
title_full Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review
title_fullStr Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review
title_short Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review
title_sort occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: a review
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911856/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2023.01.003
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