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A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) represents the most common type of dementia and is becoming a steadily increasing challenge for health systems globally. Inflammation is developing as the main focus of research into Alzheimer’s disease and has been demonstrated to be a major driver of the pathologies associ...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9912841/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36776896 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087571 |
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author | Cooper, Joseph Pastorello, Ylenia Slevin, Mark |
author_facet | Cooper, Joseph Pastorello, Ylenia Slevin, Mark |
author_sort | Cooper, Joseph |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) represents the most common type of dementia and is becoming a steadily increasing challenge for health systems globally. Inflammation is developing as the main focus of research into Alzheimer’s disease and has been demonstrated to be a major driver of the pathologies associated with AD. This evidence introduces an interesting research question, whether chronic inflammation due to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could lead to a higher risk of developing dementia. In both IBD and RA, increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) can be highlighted, the latter being directly implicated in neuroinflammation and AD. In this meta-analysis both the association between chronic inflammatory diseases and elevated levels of CRP during midlife were investigated to examine if they correlated with an augmented risk of dementia. Moreover, the association between increased CRP and modifications in the permeability of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) in the presence of CRP is explored. The results displayed that the odds ratio for IBD and dementia was 1.91 [1.15-3.15], for RA it was 1.90 [1.09-3.32] following sensitivity analysis and for CRP it was 1.62 [1.22-2.15]. These results demonstrate a higher risk of dementia in patients presenting chronic inflammation and that exists an independent association with high CRP in midlife. This paper builds on published research that suggest a critical role for CRP both in stroke and AD and provides an analysis on currently published research on multiple diseases (IBD and RA) in which CRP is raised as well as chronically elevated. CRP and the associated risk of dementia and further research indicated that the monomeric form of CRP can infiltrate the BBB/be released from damaged micro-vessels to access the brain. This meta-analysis provides first-time evidence that chronic elevation of CRP in autoimmune diseases is directly associated with an increased risk of later development of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, greater priority should be provided to the effective control of inflammation in patients with chronic inflammatory or autoimmune conditions and further long-term assessment of circulating CRP might inform of an individual’s relative risk of developing dementia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9912841 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99128412023-02-11 A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia Cooper, Joseph Pastorello, Ylenia Slevin, Mark Front Immunol Immunology Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) represents the most common type of dementia and is becoming a steadily increasing challenge for health systems globally. Inflammation is developing as the main focus of research into Alzheimer’s disease and has been demonstrated to be a major driver of the pathologies associated with AD. This evidence introduces an interesting research question, whether chronic inflammation due to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could lead to a higher risk of developing dementia. In both IBD and RA, increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) can be highlighted, the latter being directly implicated in neuroinflammation and AD. In this meta-analysis both the association between chronic inflammatory diseases and elevated levels of CRP during midlife were investigated to examine if they correlated with an augmented risk of dementia. Moreover, the association between increased CRP and modifications in the permeability of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) in the presence of CRP is explored. The results displayed that the odds ratio for IBD and dementia was 1.91 [1.15-3.15], for RA it was 1.90 [1.09-3.32] following sensitivity analysis and for CRP it was 1.62 [1.22-2.15]. These results demonstrate a higher risk of dementia in patients presenting chronic inflammation and that exists an independent association with high CRP in midlife. This paper builds on published research that suggest a critical role for CRP both in stroke and AD and provides an analysis on currently published research on multiple diseases (IBD and RA) in which CRP is raised as well as chronically elevated. CRP and the associated risk of dementia and further research indicated that the monomeric form of CRP can infiltrate the BBB/be released from damaged micro-vessels to access the brain. This meta-analysis provides first-time evidence that chronic elevation of CRP in autoimmune diseases is directly associated with an increased risk of later development of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, greater priority should be provided to the effective control of inflammation in patients with chronic inflammatory or autoimmune conditions and further long-term assessment of circulating CRP might inform of an individual’s relative risk of developing dementia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9912841/ /pubmed/36776896 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087571 Text en Copyright © 2023 Cooper, Pastorello and Slevin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Cooper, Joseph Pastorello, Ylenia Slevin, Mark A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia |
title | A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia |
title_full | A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia |
title_fullStr | A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia |
title_full_unstemmed | A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia |
title_short | A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia |
title_sort | meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated crp, and the risk of dementia |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9912841/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36776896 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087571 |
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