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CAR-T: What Is Next?

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In 2017, two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies were approved by the FDA for advanced/resistant lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite the breakthrough efficacy results, the safety of CAR-T treatment is still a concern for treating physicians and their...

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Autores principales: Chen, Yi-Ju, Abila, Bams, Mostafa Kamel, Yasser
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9913679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36765623
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030663
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author Chen, Yi-Ju
Abila, Bams
Mostafa Kamel, Yasser
author_facet Chen, Yi-Ju
Abila, Bams
Mostafa Kamel, Yasser
author_sort Chen, Yi-Ju
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: In 2017, two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies were approved by the FDA for advanced/resistant lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite the breakthrough efficacy results, the safety of CAR-T treatment is still a concern for treating physicians and their patients. Moreover, the high rate of relapse in up to 60% of patients previously treated with CAR-T represents a major challenge. There is currently extensive research activity aimed at addressing these shortfalls; strategies include changing the administration plans of CAR-T, combining it with chemotherapy, and even developing new types of CAR-T therapies. This article will focus on new CAR-T strategies that are under investigation and the results of their studies. ABSTRACT: The year 2017 was marked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies. The approved indications were for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and for the treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in a second or later relapse. Since then, extensive research activities have been ongoing globally on different hematologic and solid tumors to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy for these diseases. Limitations to CAR-T therapy became apparent from, e.g., the relapse in up to 60% of patients and certain side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This led to extensive clinical activities aimed at overcoming these obstacles, so that the use of CAR-T therapy can be expanded. Attempts to improve on efficacy and safety include changing the CAR-T administration schedule, combining it with chemotherapy, and the development of next-generation CAR-T therapies, e.g., through the use of CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) and CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms). This review will focus on new CAR-T treatment strategies in hematologic malignancies, clinical trials aimed at improving efficacy and addressing side effects, the challenges that CAR-T therapy faces in solid tumors, and the ongoing research aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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spelling pubmed-99136792023-02-11 CAR-T: What Is Next? Chen, Yi-Ju Abila, Bams Mostafa Kamel, Yasser Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: In 2017, two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies were approved by the FDA for advanced/resistant lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite the breakthrough efficacy results, the safety of CAR-T treatment is still a concern for treating physicians and their patients. Moreover, the high rate of relapse in up to 60% of patients previously treated with CAR-T represents a major challenge. There is currently extensive research activity aimed at addressing these shortfalls; strategies include changing the administration plans of CAR-T, combining it with chemotherapy, and even developing new types of CAR-T therapies. This article will focus on new CAR-T strategies that are under investigation and the results of their studies. ABSTRACT: The year 2017 was marked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies. The approved indications were for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and for the treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in a second or later relapse. Since then, extensive research activities have been ongoing globally on different hematologic and solid tumors to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy for these diseases. Limitations to CAR-T therapy became apparent from, e.g., the relapse in up to 60% of patients and certain side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This led to extensive clinical activities aimed at overcoming these obstacles, so that the use of CAR-T therapy can be expanded. Attempts to improve on efficacy and safety include changing the CAR-T administration schedule, combining it with chemotherapy, and the development of next-generation CAR-T therapies, e.g., through the use of CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) and CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms). This review will focus on new CAR-T treatment strategies in hematologic malignancies, clinical trials aimed at improving efficacy and addressing side effects, the challenges that CAR-T therapy faces in solid tumors, and the ongoing research aimed at overcoming these challenges. MDPI 2023-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9913679/ /pubmed/36765623 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030663 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chen, Yi-Ju
Abila, Bams
Mostafa Kamel, Yasser
CAR-T: What Is Next?
title CAR-T: What Is Next?
title_full CAR-T: What Is Next?
title_fullStr CAR-T: What Is Next?
title_full_unstemmed CAR-T: What Is Next?
title_short CAR-T: What Is Next?
title_sort car-t: what is next?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9913679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36765623
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030663
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