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Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective
Education is highly valued in Asian families. However, as family members age, competition for intra-family resources affects children’s actualization in the family, which impacts the family’s future capital. However, most existing studies have interpreted the family’s intergenerational conflicts in...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9913944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36767062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031696 |
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author | Lu, Qiling Hua, Jing |
author_facet | Lu, Qiling Hua, Jing |
author_sort | Lu, Qiling |
collection | PubMed |
description | Education is highly valued in Asian families. However, as family members age, competition for intra-family resources affects children’s actualization in the family, which impacts the family’s future capital. However, most existing studies have interpreted the family’s intergenerational conflicts in terms of care services for older adults, and few have analyzed and simulated intra-family competition based on the intergenerational conflict. This study introduces a multi-agent simulation approach to observe micro-households’ educational investment choices under the dual pressures of retirement and childcare. This measure captures households’ investment choices and provides a decision basis for given households. Using data from the China Family Panel Study for 2014, 2016, and 2018, we explore the impact of these dual pressures on household educational expenditures and their differences across urban and rural areas, household aging, and income samples. We also simulated the micro-households’ investment choices under these dual pressures to observe that these pressures reduce investments in educational human capital in these “sandwich-like” households. The simulation results suggest that households with high childcare stress invest more in education than those with a high retirement burden. Moreover, income growth can mitigate the dual stress “crowding-out” effect on education, which is most pronounced in low-income, high childcare-stress households. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9913944 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99139442023-02-11 Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective Lu, Qiling Hua, Jing Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Education is highly valued in Asian families. However, as family members age, competition for intra-family resources affects children’s actualization in the family, which impacts the family’s future capital. However, most existing studies have interpreted the family’s intergenerational conflicts in terms of care services for older adults, and few have analyzed and simulated intra-family competition based on the intergenerational conflict. This study introduces a multi-agent simulation approach to observe micro-households’ educational investment choices under the dual pressures of retirement and childcare. This measure captures households’ investment choices and provides a decision basis for given households. Using data from the China Family Panel Study for 2014, 2016, and 2018, we explore the impact of these dual pressures on household educational expenditures and their differences across urban and rural areas, household aging, and income samples. We also simulated the micro-households’ investment choices under these dual pressures to observe that these pressures reduce investments in educational human capital in these “sandwich-like” households. The simulation results suggest that households with high childcare stress invest more in education than those with a high retirement burden. Moreover, income growth can mitigate the dual stress “crowding-out” effect on education, which is most pronounced in low-income, high childcare-stress households. MDPI 2023-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9913944/ /pubmed/36767062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031696 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lu, Qiling Hua, Jing Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective |
title | Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective |
title_full | Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective |
title_fullStr | Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective |
title_short | Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective |
title_sort | micro-household human capital investment decisions and a simulation study from the intergenerational conflict perspective |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9913944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36767062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031696 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT luqiling microhouseholdhumancapitalinvestmentdecisionsandasimulationstudyfromtheintergenerationalconflictperspective AT huajing microhouseholdhumancapitalinvestmentdecisionsandasimulationstudyfromtheintergenerationalconflictperspective |