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Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Background: Statins are associated with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The fatty liver index (FLI) is used as a prognostic score for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is common in patients with MetS. We aimed to inv...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9913972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030503 |
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author | Anastasiou, Georgia Liberopoulos, Evangelos Petkou, Ermioni Koutsogianni, Amalia Despoina Adamidis, Petros Spyridwnas Liamis, George Ntzani, Evangelia Barkas, Fotios |
author_facet | Anastasiou, Georgia Liberopoulos, Evangelos Petkou, Ermioni Koutsogianni, Amalia Despoina Adamidis, Petros Spyridwnas Liamis, George Ntzani, Evangelia Barkas, Fotios |
author_sort | Anastasiou, Georgia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Statins are associated with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The fatty liver index (FLI) is used as a prognostic score for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is common in patients with MetS. We aimed to investigate the association of FLI with new-onset T2D in patients initiating statin therapy. Methods: A retrospective observational study including 1241 individuals with dyslipidemia and followed up for ≥3 years. Patients with T2D and those receiving lipid-lowering treatment at the baseline visit were excluded. Models with clinical and laboratory parameters were used to assess the association of FLI with incident T2D. Results: Among the 882 eligible subjects, 11% developed T2D during the follow-up (6 years; IQR: 4–10 years). After adjusting for sex, age and MetS parameters, a multivariate analysis revealed that age (HR:1.05; 95%CI: 1.01–1.09, p < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (HR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06–1.13, p < 0.001) and FLI (HR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01–1.04, p < 0.01) were independently associated with T2D risk. The subjects with probable NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) had a three-fold increased T2D risk compared with the subjects with FLI < 60 (HR: 3.14; 95%CI: 1.50–6.59, p = 0.001). A ROC curve analysis showed that FLI had a significant, although poor, predictive value for assessing T2D risk (C-Statistic: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.58–0.77, p = 0.001). Higher FLI values were associated with reduced T2D-free survival (log-rank = 15.46, p < 0.001). Conclusions: FLI is significantly and independently associated with new-onset T2D risk in patients initiating statin therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9913972 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99139722023-02-11 Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study Anastasiou, Georgia Liberopoulos, Evangelos Petkou, Ermioni Koutsogianni, Amalia Despoina Adamidis, Petros Spyridwnas Liamis, George Ntzani, Evangelia Barkas, Fotios Diagnostics (Basel) Article Background: Statins are associated with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The fatty liver index (FLI) is used as a prognostic score for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is common in patients with MetS. We aimed to investigate the association of FLI with new-onset T2D in patients initiating statin therapy. Methods: A retrospective observational study including 1241 individuals with dyslipidemia and followed up for ≥3 years. Patients with T2D and those receiving lipid-lowering treatment at the baseline visit were excluded. Models with clinical and laboratory parameters were used to assess the association of FLI with incident T2D. Results: Among the 882 eligible subjects, 11% developed T2D during the follow-up (6 years; IQR: 4–10 years). After adjusting for sex, age and MetS parameters, a multivariate analysis revealed that age (HR:1.05; 95%CI: 1.01–1.09, p < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (HR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06–1.13, p < 0.001) and FLI (HR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01–1.04, p < 0.01) were independently associated with T2D risk. The subjects with probable NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) had a three-fold increased T2D risk compared with the subjects with FLI < 60 (HR: 3.14; 95%CI: 1.50–6.59, p = 0.001). A ROC curve analysis showed that FLI had a significant, although poor, predictive value for assessing T2D risk (C-Statistic: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.58–0.77, p = 0.001). Higher FLI values were associated with reduced T2D-free survival (log-rank = 15.46, p < 0.001). Conclusions: FLI is significantly and independently associated with new-onset T2D risk in patients initiating statin therapy. MDPI 2023-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9913972/ /pubmed/36766607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030503 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Anastasiou, Georgia Liberopoulos, Evangelos Petkou, Ermioni Koutsogianni, Amalia Despoina Adamidis, Petros Spyridwnas Liamis, George Ntzani, Evangelia Barkas, Fotios Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study |
title | Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study |
title_full | Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study |
title_fullStr | Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study |
title_short | Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin–Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study |
title_sort | association of fatty liver index with incident diabetes risk in patients initiating statin–therapy: a 6-year retrospective study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9913972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030503 |
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