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Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation
Spontaneous fermentations that do not rely on backslopping or industrial starter cultures were especially important to the early development of society and are still practiced around the world today. While current literature on spontaneous fermentations is observational and descriptive, it is import...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030673 |
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author | Mudoor Sooresh, Maanasa Willing, Benjamin P. Bourrie, Benjamin C. T. |
author_facet | Mudoor Sooresh, Maanasa Willing, Benjamin P. Bourrie, Benjamin C. T. |
author_sort | Mudoor Sooresh, Maanasa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spontaneous fermentations that do not rely on backslopping or industrial starter cultures were especially important to the early development of society and are still practiced around the world today. While current literature on spontaneous fermentations is observational and descriptive, it is important to understand the underlying mechanism of microbial community assembly and how this correlates with changes observed in microbial succession, composition, interaction, and metabolite production. Spontaneous food and beverage fermentations are home to autochthonous bacteria and fungi that are naturally inoculated from raw materials, environment, and equipment. This review discusses the factors that play an important role in microbial community assembly, particularly focusing on commonly reported yeasts and bacteria isolated from spontaneously fermenting food and beverages, and how this affects the fermentation dynamics. A wide range of studies have been conducted in spontaneously fermented foods that highlight some of the mechanisms that are involved in microbial interactions, niche adaptation, and lifestyle of these microorganisms. Moreover, we will also highlight how controlled culture experiments provide greater insight into understanding microbial interactions, a modest attempt in decoding the complexity of spontaneous fermentations. Further research using specific in vitro microbial models to understand the role of core microbiota are needed to fill the knowledge gap that currently exists in understanding how the phenotypic and genotypic expression of these microorganisms aid in their successful adaptation and shape fermentation outcomes. Furthermore, there is still a vast opportunity to understand strain level implications on community assembly. Translating these findings will also help in improving other fermentation systems to help gain more control over the fermentation process and maintain consistent and superior product quality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9914028 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99140282023-02-11 Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation Mudoor Sooresh, Maanasa Willing, Benjamin P. Bourrie, Benjamin C. T. Foods Review Spontaneous fermentations that do not rely on backslopping or industrial starter cultures were especially important to the early development of society and are still practiced around the world today. While current literature on spontaneous fermentations is observational and descriptive, it is important to understand the underlying mechanism of microbial community assembly and how this correlates with changes observed in microbial succession, composition, interaction, and metabolite production. Spontaneous food and beverage fermentations are home to autochthonous bacteria and fungi that are naturally inoculated from raw materials, environment, and equipment. This review discusses the factors that play an important role in microbial community assembly, particularly focusing on commonly reported yeasts and bacteria isolated from spontaneously fermenting food and beverages, and how this affects the fermentation dynamics. A wide range of studies have been conducted in spontaneously fermented foods that highlight some of the mechanisms that are involved in microbial interactions, niche adaptation, and lifestyle of these microorganisms. Moreover, we will also highlight how controlled culture experiments provide greater insight into understanding microbial interactions, a modest attempt in decoding the complexity of spontaneous fermentations. Further research using specific in vitro microbial models to understand the role of core microbiota are needed to fill the knowledge gap that currently exists in understanding how the phenotypic and genotypic expression of these microorganisms aid in their successful adaptation and shape fermentation outcomes. Furthermore, there is still a vast opportunity to understand strain level implications on community assembly. Translating these findings will also help in improving other fermentation systems to help gain more control over the fermentation process and maintain consistent and superior product quality. MDPI 2023-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9914028/ /pubmed/36766201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030673 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mudoor Sooresh, Maanasa Willing, Benjamin P. Bourrie, Benjamin C. T. Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation |
title | Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation |
title_full | Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation |
title_fullStr | Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation |
title_full_unstemmed | Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation |
title_short | Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation |
title_sort | opportunities and challenges of understanding community assembly in spontaneous food fermentation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030673 |
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