Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Primary Care: Perspective of Application in France and Narrative Review of the Literature

Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection affects 30% to 40% of people in industrialized countries. Aim: This study aimed to synthesize knowledge on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of Hp infection in general practice in people under 40 years of age. Method: A narrative review of the literature with an inductive content analysis of the articles was performed. Results: The extracted data (22 articles out of 106 included after screening of 965 articles) determined three areas of analysis: indications for screening, methods of screening and diagnosis by non-invasive tests, and treatment modalities. Discussion: Targeted, easily performed screening with noninvasive tests is recommended for patients younger than 45 years of age with no family history of gastric cancer and symptoms of dyspepsia without warning signs. Given their proximity to the general population and their coverage of the territory, general practitioners are ideally positioned. Treatment modalities are well-codified and feasible in primary care. Simplifying the recommendations available to them would optimize the identification of patients at risk and the management of Hp infection. Informing, educating, involving, supporting, and promoting the control of Hp infection in primary care will be future goals. Further research is needed in primary care to evaluate the impact of new procedures on Hp control.