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Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovas...

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Autores principales: Makarova, Yulia A., Ryabkova, Varvara A., Salukhov, Vladimir V., Sagun, Boris V., Korovin, Aleksandr E., Churilov, Leonid P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030478
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author Makarova, Yulia A.
Ryabkova, Varvara A.
Salukhov, Vladimir V.
Sagun, Boris V.
Korovin, Aleksandr E.
Churilov, Leonid P.
author_facet Makarova, Yulia A.
Ryabkova, Varvara A.
Salukhov, Vladimir V.
Sagun, Boris V.
Korovin, Aleksandr E.
Churilov, Leonid P.
author_sort Makarova, Yulia A.
collection PubMed
description The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovascular diseases affects different individuals’ susceptibility to viral infection. In turn, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can have a negative effect on the endothelium and cardiomyocytes, causing blood clotting, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus exacerbating the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to the established entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry are currently under investigation, for example, through CD147. Pathogenesis of comorbidity can be determined by the influence of the virus on various links which are meaningful for atherogenesis: generation of oxidized forms of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), launch of a cytokine storm, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial injury. The transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable one plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis complications and can be triggered by COVID-19. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as the aorta is more complex than previously thought considering its impact on vasa vasorum. Current information on the mutual influence of the medicines used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and acute COVID-19 is briefly summarized.
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spelling pubmed-99147512023-02-11 Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis Makarova, Yulia A. Ryabkova, Varvara A. Salukhov, Vladimir V. Sagun, Boris V. Korovin, Aleksandr E. Churilov, Leonid P. Diagnostics (Basel) Review The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovascular diseases affects different individuals’ susceptibility to viral infection. In turn, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can have a negative effect on the endothelium and cardiomyocytes, causing blood clotting, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus exacerbating the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to the established entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry are currently under investigation, for example, through CD147. Pathogenesis of comorbidity can be determined by the influence of the virus on various links which are meaningful for atherogenesis: generation of oxidized forms of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), launch of a cytokine storm, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial injury. The transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable one plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis complications and can be triggered by COVID-19. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as the aorta is more complex than previously thought considering its impact on vasa vasorum. Current information on the mutual influence of the medicines used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and acute COVID-19 is briefly summarized. MDPI 2023-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9914751/ /pubmed/36766583 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030478 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Makarova, Yulia A.
Ryabkova, Varvara A.
Salukhov, Vladimir V.
Sagun, Boris V.
Korovin, Aleksandr E.
Churilov, Leonid P.
Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis
title Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis
title_full Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis
title_short Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis
title_sort atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders and covid-19: comorbid pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030478
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