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UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries

Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induce...

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Autores principales: Ramos, Lucia Cuesta, Palacios, Javier, Barrientos, Ruth E., Gómez, Jessica, Castagnini, Juan Manuel, Barba, Francisco J., Tapia, Alejandro, Paredes, Adrián, Cifuentes, Fredi, Simirgiotis, Mario J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766170
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030643
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author Ramos, Lucia Cuesta
Palacios, Javier
Barrientos, Ruth E.
Gómez, Jessica
Castagnini, Juan Manuel
Barba, Francisco J.
Tapia, Alejandro
Paredes, Adrián
Cifuentes, Fredi
Simirgiotis, Mario J.
author_facet Ramos, Lucia Cuesta
Palacios, Javier
Barrientos, Ruth E.
Gómez, Jessica
Castagnini, Juan Manuel
Barba, Francisco J.
Tapia, Alejandro
Paredes, Adrián
Cifuentes, Fredi
Simirgiotis, Mario J.
author_sort Ramos, Lucia Cuesta
collection PubMed
description Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC(50): 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC(50): 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC(50): 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC(50): 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC(50): 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50–60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that A. dentata is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption.
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spelling pubmed-99148552023-02-11 UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries Ramos, Lucia Cuesta Palacios, Javier Barrientos, Ruth E. Gómez, Jessica Castagnini, Juan Manuel Barba, Francisco J. Tapia, Alejandro Paredes, Adrián Cifuentes, Fredi Simirgiotis, Mario J. Foods Article Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC(50): 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC(50): 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC(50): 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC(50): 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC(50): 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50–60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that A. dentata is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption. MDPI 2023-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9914855/ /pubmed/36766170 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030643 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ramos, Lucia Cuesta
Palacios, Javier
Barrientos, Ruth E.
Gómez, Jessica
Castagnini, Juan Manuel
Barba, Francisco J.
Tapia, Alejandro
Paredes, Adrián
Cifuentes, Fredi
Simirgiotis, Mario J.
UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries
title UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries
title_full UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries
title_fullStr UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries
title_full_unstemmed UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries
title_short UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries
title_sort uhplc-ms phenolic fingerprinting, aorta endothelium relaxation effect, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition activities of azara dentata ruiz & pav berries
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36766170
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030643
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