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Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention
Breast malignancy is the most frequent carcinoma among females across the world and third-most in Nepal. Early diagnosis of breast cancer through breast health awareness and self-examination, in addition to mammography screening, is a highly feasible and useful technique in poorly resourced settings...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9916560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36763623 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281184 |
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author | Dhakal, Rojana Adhikari, Chiranjivi Karki, Prabha Neupane, Nirmala Bhandari, Pooja Gurung, Aditi Shrestha, Nisha Gahatraj, Nandaram Shrestha, Niranjan Koirala, Niranjan Subedi, Govind |
author_facet | Dhakal, Rojana Adhikari, Chiranjivi Karki, Prabha Neupane, Nirmala Bhandari, Pooja Gurung, Aditi Shrestha, Nisha Gahatraj, Nandaram Shrestha, Niranjan Koirala, Niranjan Subedi, Govind |
author_sort | Dhakal, Rojana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Breast malignancy is the most frequent carcinoma among females across the world and third-most in Nepal. Early diagnosis of breast cancer through breast health awareness and self-examination, in addition to mammography screening, is a highly feasible and useful technique in poorly resourced settings. However, their intentions, whether to modify behaviors or actions, remain debatable and less explained in the literature. So, we aimed to assess how long an educational intervention affects women’s intention to do a breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography screening. After assessing feasibility, one ward was assigned to the intervention (IG; ward number 30) and control group (CG; ward number 33), and then with inclusion criteria, a total of 360 females (180 each in IG and CG) aged 40–75 years enrolled in the study. After the baseline assessment, participants in the IG were delivered an hour-long breast cancer screening-related lecture-discussion- demonstration session that included BSE and mammography, aided with a silicone dummy. The session was carried out by the female trained nurses. Outcome data were obtained at the baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months following the intervention. Attitudes, perceived behavioral controls (PBCs) and behavioral intents (BIs) of both mammography and BSE at baseline were similar in both IG and CG except in case of subjective norms (SNs). Intents of BSE remained effective for 4 months, whereas for mammography, it was effective only at 4 and 12 months. Moreover, attitudes toward both tests remained intact for 4, 8, and 12 months (p = < .05) consistently. With regards to PBCs, women having good control remained only for 4 months in both screening tests. Further, regarding SN, significant mean changes were observed at 4 and 12 months in BSE, and only at 4 months in mammography screening. The session was effective in sustaining BSE and mammography intentions for at least 4 months. To retain the effects longer (up to 12 months), additional educational strategies focusing on subjective norms and perceived behavioral controls of both tests are highly warranted. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9916560 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99165602023-02-11 Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention Dhakal, Rojana Adhikari, Chiranjivi Karki, Prabha Neupane, Nirmala Bhandari, Pooja Gurung, Aditi Shrestha, Nisha Gahatraj, Nandaram Shrestha, Niranjan Koirala, Niranjan Subedi, Govind PLoS One Research Article Breast malignancy is the most frequent carcinoma among females across the world and third-most in Nepal. Early diagnosis of breast cancer through breast health awareness and self-examination, in addition to mammography screening, is a highly feasible and useful technique in poorly resourced settings. However, their intentions, whether to modify behaviors or actions, remain debatable and less explained in the literature. So, we aimed to assess how long an educational intervention affects women’s intention to do a breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography screening. After assessing feasibility, one ward was assigned to the intervention (IG; ward number 30) and control group (CG; ward number 33), and then with inclusion criteria, a total of 360 females (180 each in IG and CG) aged 40–75 years enrolled in the study. After the baseline assessment, participants in the IG were delivered an hour-long breast cancer screening-related lecture-discussion- demonstration session that included BSE and mammography, aided with a silicone dummy. The session was carried out by the female trained nurses. Outcome data were obtained at the baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months following the intervention. Attitudes, perceived behavioral controls (PBCs) and behavioral intents (BIs) of both mammography and BSE at baseline were similar in both IG and CG except in case of subjective norms (SNs). Intents of BSE remained effective for 4 months, whereas for mammography, it was effective only at 4 and 12 months. Moreover, attitudes toward both tests remained intact for 4, 8, and 12 months (p = < .05) consistently. With regards to PBCs, women having good control remained only for 4 months in both screening tests. Further, regarding SN, significant mean changes were observed at 4 and 12 months in BSE, and only at 4 months in mammography screening. The session was effective in sustaining BSE and mammography intentions for at least 4 months. To retain the effects longer (up to 12 months), additional educational strategies focusing on subjective norms and perceived behavioral controls of both tests are highly warranted. Public Library of Science 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9916560/ /pubmed/36763623 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281184 Text en © 2023 Dhakal et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dhakal, Rojana Adhikari, Chiranjivi Karki, Prabha Neupane, Nirmala Bhandari, Pooja Gurung, Aditi Shrestha, Nisha Gahatraj, Nandaram Shrestha, Niranjan Koirala, Niranjan Subedi, Govind Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
title | Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
title_full | Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
title_fullStr | Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
title_full_unstemmed | Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
title_short | Attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: Results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
title_sort | attitude sustains longer than subjective norm and perceived behavioral control: results of breast cancer screening educational intervention |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9916560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36763623 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281184 |
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