Treatment Resulting Changes in Volumes of High-(18)F-FDG-Uptake Adipose Tissues over Orbit and Epicardium Correlate with Treatment Response for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Background: A regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Brown adipose tissue possesses anti-cancer potential. This study aimed to explore practical biomarkers for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by analyzing the metabolic activity of adipose tissue. Methods: Twenty patients who received R-CHOP for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were reviewed. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and body mass index (BMI) before and after treatment were collected. Regions with a high standardized uptake value (SUV) in epicardial and orbital adipose tissue were selected and analyzed by a PET/CT viewer. The initial measurements and changes in the high SUV of epicardial and orbital adipose tissues, LDH levels, and BMI of treatment responders and non-responders, and complete and partial responders, were compared. Results: The volumes of high-SUV epicardial and orbital adipose tissues significantly increased in responders after R-CHOP (p = 0.03 and 0.002, respectively). There were significant differences between changes in the high-SUV volumes of epicardial and orbital adipose tissues (p = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively) and LDH levels (p = 0.03) between responders and non-responders. The changes in high-SUV epicardial adipose tissue volumes were greater among complete responders than partial responders (p = 0.04). Poorer treatment responses were observed in patients with lower high-SUV epicardial adipose tissue volumes and higher LDH levels after R-CHOP (p = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: The preliminary results of greater changes in high-SUV epicardial and orbital adipose tissue volumes among responders indicate that brown adipose tissue could be considered a favorable prognostic biomarker.