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The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease
Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are simi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9916971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170 |
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author | Chen, Jiawen Li, Ting Ye, Chun Zhong, Jiasheng Huang, Jian-Dong Ke, Yiquan Sun, Haitao |
author_facet | Chen, Jiawen Li, Ting Ye, Chun Zhong, Jiasheng Huang, Jian-Dong Ke, Yiquan Sun, Haitao |
author_sort | Chen, Jiawen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are similar to those of the oral microbiome, suggesting that the microbiome is derived passively within the lungs from the oral cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities all contribute to the composition of the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is reportedly altered in many lung diseases that have not traditionally been considered infectious or microbial, and potential pathways of microbe–host crosstalk are emerging. Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiome also plays an important role in brain autoimmunity. There is a close relationship between the lungs and the brain, which can be called the lung–brain axis. However, the problem now is that it is not well understood how the lung microbiota plays a role in the disease—specifically, whether there is a causal connection between disease and the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. However, fungi and viruses have not been fully studied compared to bacteria in the lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases and, in particular, we summarize the recent progress of the lung microbiome in multiple sclerosis, as well as the lung–brain axis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9916971 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99169712023-02-11 The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease Chen, Jiawen Li, Ting Ye, Chun Zhong, Jiasheng Huang, Jian-Dong Ke, Yiquan Sun, Haitao Int J Mol Sci Review Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are similar to those of the oral microbiome, suggesting that the microbiome is derived passively within the lungs from the oral cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities all contribute to the composition of the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is reportedly altered in many lung diseases that have not traditionally been considered infectious or microbial, and potential pathways of microbe–host crosstalk are emerging. Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiome also plays an important role in brain autoimmunity. There is a close relationship between the lungs and the brain, which can be called the lung–brain axis. However, the problem now is that it is not well understood how the lung microbiota plays a role in the disease—specifically, whether there is a causal connection between disease and the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. However, fungi and viruses have not been fully studied compared to bacteria in the lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases and, in particular, we summarize the recent progress of the lung microbiome in multiple sclerosis, as well as the lung–brain axis. MDPI 2023-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9916971/ /pubmed/36768494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Chen, Jiawen Li, Ting Ye, Chun Zhong, Jiasheng Huang, Jian-Dong Ke, Yiquan Sun, Haitao The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
title | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
title_full | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
title_fullStr | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
title_short | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
title_sort | lung microbiome: a new frontier for lung and brain disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9916971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170 |
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