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Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents
Cancer stem cells are found in many cancer types. They comprise a distinct subpopulation of cells within the tumor that exhibit properties of stem cells. They express a number of cell surface markers, such as CD133, CD44, ALDH, and EpCAM, as well as embryonic transcription factors Oct4, Nanog, and S...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917165/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768445 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032122 |
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author | Kim, Mariyam Bakyt, Laura Akhmetkaliyev, Azamat Toktarkhanova, Dana Bulanin, Denis |
author_facet | Kim, Mariyam Bakyt, Laura Akhmetkaliyev, Azamat Toktarkhanova, Dana Bulanin, Denis |
author_sort | Kim, Mariyam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cancer stem cells are found in many cancer types. They comprise a distinct subpopulation of cells within the tumor that exhibit properties of stem cells. They express a number of cell surface markers, such as CD133, CD44, ALDH, and EpCAM, as well as embryonic transcription factors Oct4, Nanog, and SOX2. CSCs are more resistant to conventional chemotherapy and can potentially drive tumor relapse. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive chemoresistance and to target them with specific therapy effectively. Highly conserved developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch are commonly reported to play a role in CSCs chemoresistance development. Studies show that particular pathway inhibitors combined with conventional therapy may re-establish sensitivity to the conventional therapy. Another significant contributor of chemoresistance is a specific tumor microenvironment. Surrounding stroma in the form of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix components produce cytokines and other factors, thus creating a favorable environment and decreasing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Anti-stromal agents may potentially help to overcome these effects. Epigenetic changes and autophagy were also among the commonly reported mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review provides an overview of signaling pathway components involved in the development of chemoresistance of CSCs and gathers evidence from experimental studies in which CSCs can be re-sensitized to conventional chemotherapy agents across different cancer types. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9917165 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99171652023-02-11 Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents Kim, Mariyam Bakyt, Laura Akhmetkaliyev, Azamat Toktarkhanova, Dana Bulanin, Denis Int J Mol Sci Review Cancer stem cells are found in many cancer types. They comprise a distinct subpopulation of cells within the tumor that exhibit properties of stem cells. They express a number of cell surface markers, such as CD133, CD44, ALDH, and EpCAM, as well as embryonic transcription factors Oct4, Nanog, and SOX2. CSCs are more resistant to conventional chemotherapy and can potentially drive tumor relapse. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive chemoresistance and to target them with specific therapy effectively. Highly conserved developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch are commonly reported to play a role in CSCs chemoresistance development. Studies show that particular pathway inhibitors combined with conventional therapy may re-establish sensitivity to the conventional therapy. Another significant contributor of chemoresistance is a specific tumor microenvironment. Surrounding stroma in the form of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix components produce cytokines and other factors, thus creating a favorable environment and decreasing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Anti-stromal agents may potentially help to overcome these effects. Epigenetic changes and autophagy were also among the commonly reported mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review provides an overview of signaling pathway components involved in the development of chemoresistance of CSCs and gathers evidence from experimental studies in which CSCs can be re-sensitized to conventional chemotherapy agents across different cancer types. MDPI 2023-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9917165/ /pubmed/36768445 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032122 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kim, Mariyam Bakyt, Laura Akhmetkaliyev, Azamat Toktarkhanova, Dana Bulanin, Denis Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents |
title | Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents |
title_full | Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents |
title_fullStr | Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents |
title_full_unstemmed | Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents |
title_short | Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents |
title_sort | re-sensitizing cancer stem cells to conventional chemotherapy agents |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917165/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768445 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032122 |
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