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Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants

Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper...

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Autores principales: Seregin, Ilya V., Kozhevnikova, Anna D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768751
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032430
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author Seregin, Ilya V.
Kozhevnikova, Anna D.
author_facet Seregin, Ilya V.
Kozhevnikova, Anna D.
author_sort Seregin, Ilya V.
collection PubMed
description Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper ions, which have high affinities for S-containing ligands. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent data on PC biosynthesis, structure, and role in metal(loid) transport and sequestration in the vacuoles of plant cells. A comparative analysis of PC accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their shoots, and in the excluders, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their roots, investigates the question of whether the endogenous PC concentration determines a plant’s tolerance to metal(loid)s. Summarizing the available data, it can be concluded that PCs are not involved in metal(loid) hyperaccumulation machinery, though they play a key role in metal(loid) homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological role of metal(loid)-binding ligands is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology, plant physiology, ionomics, and toxicology, and is important for the development of technologies used in phytoremediation, biofortification, and phytomining.
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spelling pubmed-99172552023-02-11 Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants Seregin, Ilya V. Kozhevnikova, Anna D. Int J Mol Sci Review Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper ions, which have high affinities for S-containing ligands. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent data on PC biosynthesis, structure, and role in metal(loid) transport and sequestration in the vacuoles of plant cells. A comparative analysis of PC accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their shoots, and in the excluders, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their roots, investigates the question of whether the endogenous PC concentration determines a plant’s tolerance to metal(loid)s. Summarizing the available data, it can be concluded that PCs are not involved in metal(loid) hyperaccumulation machinery, though they play a key role in metal(loid) homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological role of metal(loid)-binding ligands is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology, plant physiology, ionomics, and toxicology, and is important for the development of technologies used in phytoremediation, biofortification, and phytomining. MDPI 2023-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9917255/ /pubmed/36768751 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032430 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Seregin, Ilya V.
Kozhevnikova, Anna D.
Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants
title Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants
title_full Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants
title_fullStr Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants
title_full_unstemmed Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants
title_short Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants
title_sort phytochelatins: sulfur-containing metal(loid)-chelating ligands in plants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768751
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032430
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