Engineering Interfacial Environment of Epigallocatechin Gallate Coated Titanium for Next-Generation Bioactive Dental Implant Components

In view of endowing the surface of abutments, a component of titanium dental implant systems, with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, a surface layer coated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a polyphenol belonging to the class of flavonoids, was built on titanium samples. To modulate interfacial properties, EGCg was linked either directly to the surface, or after populating the surface with terminally linked polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains, Mw ~1600 Da. The underlying assumption is that fouling-resistant, highly hydrated PEG chains could reduce non-specific bioadhesion and magnify intrinsic EGCg properties. Treated surfaces were investigated by a panel of surface/interfacial sensitive techniques, to provide chemico–physical characterization of the surface layer and its interfacial environment. Results show: (i) successful EGCg coupling for both approaches; (ii) that both approaches endow the Ti surface with the same antioxidant properties; (iii) that PEG-EGCg coated surfaces are more hydrophilic and show a significantly higher (>50%) interaction force with water. Obtained results build up a rationale basis for evaluation of the merits of finely tuning interfacial properties of polyphenols coated surfaces in biological tests.