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The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is highly adaptable to its environment. In humans, it can cause serious infections with biofilm formation. With increasing attention on its health threat, prevention and control of biofilm formation in E. fa...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030767 |
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author | Zhang, Junqi Fang, Rong Peng, Qi Wu, Shizhou Lei, Lei |
author_facet | Zhang, Junqi Fang, Rong Peng, Qi Wu, Shizhou Lei, Lei |
author_sort | Zhang, Junqi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is highly adaptable to its environment. In humans, it can cause serious infections with biofilm formation. With increasing attention on its health threat, prevention and control of biofilm formation in E. faecalis have been observed. Many factors including polysaccharides as well as autolysis, proteases, and eDNA regulate biofilm formation. Those contributors are regulated by several important regulatory systems involving the two-component signal transduction system (TCS) for its adaptation to the environment. Highly conserved WalRK as one of 17 TCSs is the only essential TCS in E. faecalis. In addition to biofilm formation, various metabolisms, including cell wall construction, drug resistance, as well as interactions among regulatory systems and resistance to the host immune system, can be modulated by the WalRK system. Therefore, WalRK has been identified as a key target for E. faecalis infection control. In the present review, the regulation of WalRK on E. faecalis pathogenesis and associated therapeutic strategies are demonstrated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9917794 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99177942023-02-11 The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis Zhang, Junqi Fang, Rong Peng, Qi Wu, Shizhou Lei, Lei J Clin Med Review Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is highly adaptable to its environment. In humans, it can cause serious infections with biofilm formation. With increasing attention on its health threat, prevention and control of biofilm formation in E. faecalis have been observed. Many factors including polysaccharides as well as autolysis, proteases, and eDNA regulate biofilm formation. Those contributors are regulated by several important regulatory systems involving the two-component signal transduction system (TCS) for its adaptation to the environment. Highly conserved WalRK as one of 17 TCSs is the only essential TCS in E. faecalis. In addition to biofilm formation, various metabolisms, including cell wall construction, drug resistance, as well as interactions among regulatory systems and resistance to the host immune system, can be modulated by the WalRK system. Therefore, WalRK has been identified as a key target for E. faecalis infection control. In the present review, the regulation of WalRK on E. faecalis pathogenesis and associated therapeutic strategies are demonstrated. MDPI 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9917794/ /pubmed/36769415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030767 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zhang, Junqi Fang, Rong Peng, Qi Wu, Shizhou Lei, Lei The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis |
title | The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis |
title_full | The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis |
title_fullStr | The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis |
title_short | The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis |
title_sort | regulations of essential walrk two-component system on enterococcus faecalis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030767 |
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