Ultrasonography Measurement of Renal Dimension and Its Correlation with Age, Body Indices, and eGFR in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Real World Data in Taiwan

Background: Assessment of renal size is clinically significant for the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of renal diseases as the basis of clinical decisions. However, the relationship of renal dimension with age, body indices, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has rarely been reported in the Chinese type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) population. Methods: A total of 220 T1DM patients were retrospectively analyzed from the Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan. Demographic data, laboratory data, and ultrasonographic images from January 2001 to November 2018 were extracted. Results: Eighty-five participants (38.6%) were male. The mean age was 34.2 years. The median eGFR was 60.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The mean ultrasonographic left and right renal lengths (LL and RL) with S.D. were 10.9 ± 1.5 cm and 11.0 ± 1.1 cm, respectively. Renal lengths were longer with increasing body height and body weight but shorter with increasing age in patients with T1DM. In trajectory analysis, a linear mixed model revealed no significant trend in the changes in eGFR during the follow-up period. Moreover, renal length did not play a significant role in predicting KDIGO CKD stage 5 in the cohort. Conclusions: Renal length and its comparison to the reference ranges demonstrated very limited advantages in predicting renal function decline in T1DM patients.