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The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes

As it is well known, messenger RNA has many regulatory regions along its sequence length. One of them is the 5′ untranslated region (5’UTR), which itself contains many regulatory elements such as upstream ORFs (uORFs), internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), microRNA binding sites, and structural com...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ryczek, Natalia, Łyś, Aneta, Makałowska, Izabela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769304
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032976
Descripción
Sumario:As it is well known, messenger RNA has many regulatory regions along its sequence length. One of them is the 5′ untranslated region (5’UTR), which itself contains many regulatory elements such as upstream ORFs (uORFs), internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), microRNA binding sites, and structural components involved in the regulation of mRNA stability, pre-mRNA splicing, and translation initiation. Activation of the alternative, more upstream transcription start site leads to an extension of 5′UTR. One of the consequences of 5′UTRs extension may be head-to-head gene overlap. This review describes elements in 5′UTR of protein-coding transcripts and the functional significance of protein-coding genes 5′ overlap with implications for transcription, translation, and disease.