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The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes
As it is well known, messenger RNA has many regulatory regions along its sequence length. One of them is the 5′ untranslated region (5’UTR), which itself contains many regulatory elements such as upstream ORFs (uORFs), internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), microRNA binding sites, and structural com...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032976 |
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author | Ryczek, Natalia Łyś, Aneta Makałowska, Izabela |
author_facet | Ryczek, Natalia Łyś, Aneta Makałowska, Izabela |
author_sort | Ryczek, Natalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | As it is well known, messenger RNA has many regulatory regions along its sequence length. One of them is the 5′ untranslated region (5’UTR), which itself contains many regulatory elements such as upstream ORFs (uORFs), internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), microRNA binding sites, and structural components involved in the regulation of mRNA stability, pre-mRNA splicing, and translation initiation. Activation of the alternative, more upstream transcription start site leads to an extension of 5′UTR. One of the consequences of 5′UTRs extension may be head-to-head gene overlap. This review describes elements in 5′UTR of protein-coding transcripts and the functional significance of protein-coding genes 5′ overlap with implications for transcription, translation, and disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9917990 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99179902023-02-11 The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes Ryczek, Natalia Łyś, Aneta Makałowska, Izabela Int J Mol Sci Review As it is well known, messenger RNA has many regulatory regions along its sequence length. One of them is the 5′ untranslated region (5’UTR), which itself contains many regulatory elements such as upstream ORFs (uORFs), internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), microRNA binding sites, and structural components involved in the regulation of mRNA stability, pre-mRNA splicing, and translation initiation. Activation of the alternative, more upstream transcription start site leads to an extension of 5′UTR. One of the consequences of 5′UTRs extension may be head-to-head gene overlap. This review describes elements in 5′UTR of protein-coding transcripts and the functional significance of protein-coding genes 5′ overlap with implications for transcription, translation, and disease. MDPI 2023-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9917990/ /pubmed/36769304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032976 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ryczek, Natalia Łyś, Aneta Makałowska, Izabela The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes |
title | The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes |
title_full | The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes |
title_fullStr | The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes |
title_short | The Functional Meaning of 5′UTR in Protein-Coding Genes |
title_sort | functional meaning of 5′utr in protein-coding genes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032976 |
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