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Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater

Water pollution from dyes is harmful to the environment, plants, animals, and humans and is one of the most widespread problems afflicting people throughout the world. Adsorption is a widely used method to remove contaminants derived from the textile industry, food colorants, printing, and cosmetic...

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Autores principales: Alfei, Silvana, Grasso, Federica, Orlandi, Valentina, Russo, Eleonora, Boggia, Raffaella, Zuccari, Guendalina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769270
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032948
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author Alfei, Silvana
Grasso, Federica
Orlandi, Valentina
Russo, Eleonora
Boggia, Raffaella
Zuccari, Guendalina
author_facet Alfei, Silvana
Grasso, Federica
Orlandi, Valentina
Russo, Eleonora
Boggia, Raffaella
Zuccari, Guendalina
author_sort Alfei, Silvana
collection PubMed
description Water pollution from dyes is harmful to the environment, plants, animals, and humans and is one of the most widespread problems afflicting people throughout the world. Adsorption is a widely used method to remove contaminants derived from the textile industry, food colorants, printing, and cosmetic manufacturing from water. Here, aiming to develop new low-cost and up-scalable adsorbent materials for anionic dye remediation and water decontamination by electrostatic interactions, two cationic resins (R1 and R2) were prepared. In particular, they were obtained by copolymerizing 4-ammonium methyl and ethyl styrene monomers (M1 and M2) with dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), using N-(2-acryloylamino-ethyl)-acrylamide (AAEA) as cross-linker. Once characterized by several analytical techniques, upon their dispersion in an excess of water, R1 and R2 provided the R1- and R2-based hydrogels (namely R1HG and R2HG) with equilibrium degrees of swelling (EDS) of 900% and 1000% and equilibrium water contents (EWC) of 90 and 91%, respectively. By applying Cross’ rheology equation to the data of R1HG and R2HG’s viscosity vs. shear rate, it was established that both hydrogels are shear thinning fluids with pseudoplastic/Bingham plastic behavior depending on share rate. The equivalents of -NH(3)(+) groups, essential for the electrostatic-based absorbent activity, were estimated by the method of Gaur and Gupta on R1 and R2 and by potentiometric titrations on R1HG and R2HG. In absorption experiments in bulk, R1HG and R2HG showed high removal efficiency (97–100%) towards methyl orange (MO) azo dye, fluorescein (F), and their mixture (MOF). Using F or MO solutions (pH = 7.5, room temperature), the maximum absorption was 47.8 mg/g in 90′ (F) and 47.7 mg/g in 120′ (MO) for R1, while that of R2 was 49.0 mg/g in 20′ (F) and 48.5 mg/g in 30′ (MO). Additionally, R1HG and R2HG-based columns, mimicking decontamination systems by filtration, were capable of removing MO, F, and MOF from water with a 100% removal efficiency, in different conditions of use. R1HG and R2HG represent low-cost and up-scalable column packing materials that are promising for application in industrial wastewater treatment.
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spelling pubmed-99182982023-02-11 Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Alfei, Silvana Grasso, Federica Orlandi, Valentina Russo, Eleonora Boggia, Raffaella Zuccari, Guendalina Int J Mol Sci Article Water pollution from dyes is harmful to the environment, plants, animals, and humans and is one of the most widespread problems afflicting people throughout the world. Adsorption is a widely used method to remove contaminants derived from the textile industry, food colorants, printing, and cosmetic manufacturing from water. Here, aiming to develop new low-cost and up-scalable adsorbent materials for anionic dye remediation and water decontamination by electrostatic interactions, two cationic resins (R1 and R2) were prepared. In particular, they were obtained by copolymerizing 4-ammonium methyl and ethyl styrene monomers (M1 and M2) with dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), using N-(2-acryloylamino-ethyl)-acrylamide (AAEA) as cross-linker. Once characterized by several analytical techniques, upon their dispersion in an excess of water, R1 and R2 provided the R1- and R2-based hydrogels (namely R1HG and R2HG) with equilibrium degrees of swelling (EDS) of 900% and 1000% and equilibrium water contents (EWC) of 90 and 91%, respectively. By applying Cross’ rheology equation to the data of R1HG and R2HG’s viscosity vs. shear rate, it was established that both hydrogels are shear thinning fluids with pseudoplastic/Bingham plastic behavior depending on share rate. The equivalents of -NH(3)(+) groups, essential for the electrostatic-based absorbent activity, were estimated by the method of Gaur and Gupta on R1 and R2 and by potentiometric titrations on R1HG and R2HG. In absorption experiments in bulk, R1HG and R2HG showed high removal efficiency (97–100%) towards methyl orange (MO) azo dye, fluorescein (F), and their mixture (MOF). Using F or MO solutions (pH = 7.5, room temperature), the maximum absorption was 47.8 mg/g in 90′ (F) and 47.7 mg/g in 120′ (MO) for R1, while that of R2 was 49.0 mg/g in 20′ (F) and 48.5 mg/g in 30′ (MO). Additionally, R1HG and R2HG-based columns, mimicking decontamination systems by filtration, were capable of removing MO, F, and MOF from water with a 100% removal efficiency, in different conditions of use. R1HG and R2HG represent low-cost and up-scalable column packing materials that are promising for application in industrial wastewater treatment. MDPI 2023-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9918298/ /pubmed/36769270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032948 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alfei, Silvana
Grasso, Federica
Orlandi, Valentina
Russo, Eleonora
Boggia, Raffaella
Zuccari, Guendalina
Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
title Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
title_full Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
title_fullStr Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
title_full_unstemmed Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
title_short Cationic Polystyrene-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Adsorbents to Remove Methyl Orange and Fluorescein Dye Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
title_sort cationic polystyrene-based hydrogels as efficient adsorbents to remove methyl orange and fluorescein dye pollutants from industrial wastewater
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36769270
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032948
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