Suppression of SnS(2) Secondary Phase on Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Solar Cells Using Multi-Metallic Stacked Nanolayers

In Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) solar cells, it is crucial to suppress the generation of and remove the SnS(2) secondary phase to improve the solar cell characteristics, as the SnS(2) secondary phase affects the barrier for carrier collection and diode characteristics of the device. In this study, the nano-metallic precursor was modified to effectively suppress the generation of the SnS(2) secondary phase on the surface and simultaneously improve the uniformity and quality of the thin film. The CZTS bifacial solar cells prepared via the proposed method exhibited significantly improved junction-rectifying characteristics, as the efficiency was improved to 1.59%. The proposed method to figurremove SnS(2) is effective, simple, and environmentally friendly.