(Na, Zr) and (Ca, Zr) Phosphate-Molybdates and Phosphate-Tungstates: I–Synthesis, Sintering and Characterization

Submicron-grade powders of Na(1-x)Zr(2)(PO(4))(3-x)(XO(4))(x) compounds (hereafter referred to as NZP) and Ca(1-x)Zr(2)(PO(4))(3-x)(XO(4))(x) compounds (hereafter, CZP), X = Mo, W (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were obtained by sol-gel synthesis. The compounds obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and electron microscopy. An increase in the W or Mo contents was shown to result in an increase in the unit cell volume of the NZP and CZP crystal lattices and in a decrease in the coherent scattering region sizes. Thermal expansion behavior at high temperatures of synthesized NZP and CZP compounds has been investigated. The dependencies of the parameters a and c on the heating temperature, as well as the temperature dependence of the crystal lattice unit cell volume V in the range from the room temperature up to 800 °C, were obtained. The dependencies of the average thermal expansion coefficient (α(av)) and of the volume coefficient (β) on the W and Mo contents in the compositions of NZP and CZP compounds were studied. Ceramics Na(1-x)Zr(2)(PO(4))(3-x)(XO(4))(x) with relatively high density (more than 97.5%) were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The increase in the W or Mo contents in the ceramics leads to an increase in the relative density of NZP and to a decrease of the optimum sintering temperature. The mean grain size in the NZP ceramics decreases with increasing W or Mo contents. The study of strength characteristics has revealed that the hardness of the NZP ceramics is greater than 5 GPa, and that the minimum fracture toughness factor was 1 MPa·m(1/2).