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Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora
Cinnamomum camphora is a traditional aromatic plant used to produce linalool and borneol flavors in southern China; however, its leaves also contain many other unutilized essential oils. Herein, we report geographic relationships for the yield and compositional diversity of C. camphora essential oil...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9919661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36770639 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030973 |
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author | Zhang, Ting Zheng, Yongjie Fu, Chao Yang, Haikuan Liu, Xinliang Qiu, Fengying Wang, Xindong Wang, Zongde |
author_facet | Zhang, Ting Zheng, Yongjie Fu, Chao Yang, Haikuan Liu, Xinliang Qiu, Fengying Wang, Xindong Wang, Zongde |
author_sort | Zhang, Ting |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cinnamomum camphora is a traditional aromatic plant used to produce linalool and borneol flavors in southern China; however, its leaves also contain many other unutilized essential oils. Herein, we report geographic relationships for the yield and compositional diversity of C. camphora essential oils. The essential oils of 974 individual trees from 35 populations in 13 provinces were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, respectively. Oil yields ranged from 0.01% to 3.46%, with a significantly positive correlation with latitude and a significantly negative correlation with longitude. In total, 41 compounds were identified, including 15 monoterpenoids, 24 sesquiterpenoids, and two phenylpropanoids. Essential oil compositions varied significantly among individuals and could be categorized into various chemotypes. The six main chemotypes were eucalyptol, nerolidol, camphor, linalool, selina, and mixed types. The other 17 individual plants were chemotypically rare and exhibited high levels of methyl isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, δ-selinene, or borneol. Eucalyptol-type plants had the highest average oil yield of 1.64%, followed in decreasing order by linalool-, camphor-, mixed-, selina-, and nerolidol-type plants. In addition, the five main compounds exhibited a clear geographic gradient. Eucalyptol and linalool showed a significantly positive correlation with latitude, while selina-6-en-4-ol was significantly and negatively correlated with latitude. trans-Nerolidol and selina-6-en-4-ol showed significantly positive correlations with longitude, whereas camphor was significantly and negatively correlated with longitude. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that environmental factors could strong effect the oil yield and essential oil profile of C. camphora. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9919661 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99196612023-02-12 Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora Zhang, Ting Zheng, Yongjie Fu, Chao Yang, Haikuan Liu, Xinliang Qiu, Fengying Wang, Xindong Wang, Zongde Molecules Article Cinnamomum camphora is a traditional aromatic plant used to produce linalool and borneol flavors in southern China; however, its leaves also contain many other unutilized essential oils. Herein, we report geographic relationships for the yield and compositional diversity of C. camphora essential oils. The essential oils of 974 individual trees from 35 populations in 13 provinces were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, respectively. Oil yields ranged from 0.01% to 3.46%, with a significantly positive correlation with latitude and a significantly negative correlation with longitude. In total, 41 compounds were identified, including 15 monoterpenoids, 24 sesquiterpenoids, and two phenylpropanoids. Essential oil compositions varied significantly among individuals and could be categorized into various chemotypes. The six main chemotypes were eucalyptol, nerolidol, camphor, linalool, selina, and mixed types. The other 17 individual plants were chemotypically rare and exhibited high levels of methyl isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, δ-selinene, or borneol. Eucalyptol-type plants had the highest average oil yield of 1.64%, followed in decreasing order by linalool-, camphor-, mixed-, selina-, and nerolidol-type plants. In addition, the five main compounds exhibited a clear geographic gradient. Eucalyptol and linalool showed a significantly positive correlation with latitude, while selina-6-en-4-ol was significantly and negatively correlated with latitude. trans-Nerolidol and selina-6-en-4-ol showed significantly positive correlations with longitude, whereas camphor was significantly and negatively correlated with longitude. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that environmental factors could strong effect the oil yield and essential oil profile of C. camphora. MDPI 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9919661/ /pubmed/36770639 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030973 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Ting Zheng, Yongjie Fu, Chao Yang, Haikuan Liu, Xinliang Qiu, Fengying Wang, Xindong Wang, Zongde Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora |
title | Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora |
title_full | Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora |
title_fullStr | Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora |
title_short | Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora |
title_sort | chemical variation and environmental influence on essential oil of cinnamomum camphora |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9919661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36770639 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030973 |
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