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Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage
A study that evaluated the use of ultrasonic-guided waves to detect water in hollow pipes is presented. In this work, a guided wave system employed a 40 kHz piezoelectric (PZT) transmitter and a PZT ultrasound transducer. The transmitter was based on a battery-operated microcontroller, and the recei...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9919827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36772373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334 |
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author | Mijarez, Rito |
author_facet | Mijarez, Rito |
author_sort | Mijarez, Rito |
collection | PubMed |
description | A study that evaluated the use of ultrasonic-guided waves to detect water in hollow pipes is presented. In this work, a guided wave system employed a 40 kHz piezoelectric (PZT) transmitter and a PZT ultrasound transducer. The transmitter was based on a battery-operated microcontroller, and the receiver was composed of a digital signal processor (DSP) module connected to a PC via a USB for monitoring purposes. The transmitter and receiver were attached, non-intrusively without perfect alignment, to the external wall of a steel tube 1 m × 270 mm × 2 mm in size. Flood detection was performed based on guided wave attenuation due to energy leakage from the internal steel wall of the tube to water. Two approaches were carried out. The former was an off-line signal response based on the wavelet energy entropy analysis of a received pulse; the latter was a real-time hit-and-miss analysis centered on measuring the time–space in-between two transmitted pulses. Experiments performed in the laboratory successfully identified flooded tubes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9919827 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99198272023-02-12 Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage Mijarez, Rito Sensors (Basel) Article A study that evaluated the use of ultrasonic-guided waves to detect water in hollow pipes is presented. In this work, a guided wave system employed a 40 kHz piezoelectric (PZT) transmitter and a PZT ultrasound transducer. The transmitter was based on a battery-operated microcontroller, and the receiver was composed of a digital signal processor (DSP) module connected to a PC via a USB for monitoring purposes. The transmitter and receiver were attached, non-intrusively without perfect alignment, to the external wall of a steel tube 1 m × 270 mm × 2 mm in size. Flood detection was performed based on guided wave attenuation due to energy leakage from the internal steel wall of the tube to water. Two approaches were carried out. The former was an off-line signal response based on the wavelet energy entropy analysis of a received pulse; the latter was a real-time hit-and-miss analysis centered on measuring the time–space in-between two transmitted pulses. Experiments performed in the laboratory successfully identified flooded tubes. MDPI 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9919827/ /pubmed/36772373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mijarez, Rito Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage |
title | Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage |
title_full | Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage |
title_fullStr | Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage |
title_full_unstemmed | Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage |
title_short | Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage |
title_sort | flood detection in steel tubes using guided wave energy leakage |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9919827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36772373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mijarezrito flooddetectioninsteeltubesusingguidedwaveenergyleakage |