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Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites
This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite d...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9919905/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36771971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030671 |
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author | Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah |
author_facet | Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah |
author_sort | Shazleen, Siti Shazra |
collection | PubMed |
description | This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically specify the important parameters, namely CNF loading (1–9 wt.%), rotational speed (20–60 rpm), and temperature (135–175 °C), on the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposites. The developed model reveals that CNF loading and temperature were the dominating parameters that enhanced the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites. The optimal CNF loading, rotational speed, and temperature for P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication were 1.5 wt.%, 20 rpm, and 160 °C, respectively. The predicted tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus for these optimum conditions were 22.96 MPa, 33.91 MPa, and 1.02 GPa, respectively, with maximum desirability of 0.929. P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus by 17, 6, and 20%, respectively, as compared to the neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). While the crystallinity of P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites increased by 17% under the optimal fabrication conditions, the thermal stability of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites was not significantly different from neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9919905 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99199052023-02-12 Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah Polymers (Basel) Article This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically specify the important parameters, namely CNF loading (1–9 wt.%), rotational speed (20–60 rpm), and temperature (135–175 °C), on the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposites. The developed model reveals that CNF loading and temperature were the dominating parameters that enhanced the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites. The optimal CNF loading, rotational speed, and temperature for P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication were 1.5 wt.%, 20 rpm, and 160 °C, respectively. The predicted tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus for these optimum conditions were 22.96 MPa, 33.91 MPa, and 1.02 GPa, respectively, with maximum desirability of 0.929. P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus by 17, 6, and 20%, respectively, as compared to the neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). While the crystallinity of P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites increased by 17% under the optimal fabrication conditions, the thermal stability of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites was not significantly different from neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). MDPI 2023-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9919905/ /pubmed/36771971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030671 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites |
title | Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites |
title_full | Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites |
title_fullStr | Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites |
title_short | Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites |
title_sort | optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9919905/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36771971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030671 |
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